Meaning Alteration

The variants listed below fall under the effect category of "Grammatical Case Change". These variants alter the semantic meaning, grammatical structure, or general syntax of the Uthmanic text in officially recognized recitations (Qiraat). Such differences stem from the inherent ambiguity of early Arabic orthography which lacked dots and vowels.

Al-Baqarah 2:37

فَتَلَقَّىٰٓ ءَادَمُ مِن رَّبِّهِۦ كَلِمَٰتٖ فَتَابَ عَلَيۡهِۚ إِنَّهُۥ هُوَ ٱلتَّوَّابُ ٱلرَّحِيمُ

Then Adam received certain words from his Lord, and He turned to him (in forgiveness). Surely He – He is the One who turns (in forgiveness), the Compassionate.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

ءَادَمُ ... كَلِمَٰتٖ

Adam received ... words

Variant Reading

ءَادَمَ ... كَلِمَٰتٞ

Adam was received by words

The grammatical cases of 'Adam' and 'words' are swapped. In Hafs, Adam is the subject (nominative - marfu') who receives the words (accusative/object - mansub, taking kasrah). In the variant, the words act as the subject (nominative) that receive Adam (accusative).

Read by:

Bazzi, Qunbul

Al-Baqarah 2:38

قُلۡنَا ٱهۡبِطُواْ مِنۡهَا جَمِيعٗاۖ فَإِمَّا يَأۡتِيَنَّكُم مِّنِّي هُدٗى فَمَن تَبِعَ هُدَايَ فَلَا خَوۡفٌ عَلَيۡهِمۡ وَلَا هُمۡ يَحۡزَنُونَ

We said, ‘Go down from it – all (of you)! If any guidance comes to you from Me, whoever follows My guidance – (there will be) no fear on them, nor will they sorrow.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

خَوۡفٌ

no fear

Variant Reading

خَوۡفَ

no fear shall ever be

The word changes from the nominative case (khawfun) indicating simple negation, to the accusative case (khawfa) indicating absolute, categorical negation.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Al-Baqarah 2:112

بَلَىٰۚ مَنۡ أَسۡلَمَ وَجۡهَهُۥ لِلَّهِ وَهُوَ مُحۡسِنٞ فَلَهُۥٓ أَجۡرُهُۥ عِندَ رَبِّهِۦ وَلَا خَوۡفٌ عَلَيۡهِمۡ وَلَا هُمۡ يَحۡزَنُونَ

Yes indeed! Whoever submits his face to God, and he is a doer of good, has his reward with his Lord. (There will be) no fear on them, nor will they sorrow.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

خَوۡفٌ

no fear

Variant Reading

خَوۡفَ

no fear shall ever be

Hafs reads with tanween damma (nominative) for simple negation, while the variant (Ya'qub) reads with a fatha (accusative) applying categorical absolute negation (laa nafiya lil jins), intensifying the meaning to 'no fear whatsoever'.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Al-Baqarah 2:117

بَدِيعُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِۖ وَإِذَا قَضَىٰٓ أَمۡرٗا فَإِنَّمَا يَقُولُ لَهُۥ كُن فَيَكُونُ

– Originator of the heavens and the earth. When He decrees something, He simply says to it, ‘Be!’ and it is.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

فَيَكُونُ

and it is

Variant Reading

فَيَكُونَ

so it is

The final vowel on the verb changes from a dammah (nominative/indicative) to a fathah (accusative/subjunctive). This shifts the grammatical structure from a new, resumed statement ('and it is') to a direct result of the preceding command ('so it is').

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan

Al-Baqarah 2:197

ٱلۡحَجُّ أَشۡهُرٞ مَّعۡلُومَٰتٞۚ فَمَن فَرَضَ فِيهِنَّ ٱلۡحَجَّ فَلَا رَفَثَ وَلَا فُسُوقَ وَلَا جِدَالَ فِي ٱلۡحَجِّۗ وَمَا تَفۡعَلُواْ مِنۡ خَيۡرٖ يَعۡلَمۡهُ ٱللَّهُۗ وَتَزَوَّدُواْ فَإِنَّ خَيۡرَ ٱلزَّادِ ٱلتَّقۡوَىٰۖ وَٱتَّقُونِ يَـٰٓأُوْلِي ٱلۡأَلۡبَٰبِ

The pilgrimage (falls in certain) specified months. Whoever undertakes the pilgrimage in them – (there should be) no sexual relations or wickedness or quarreling during the pilgrimage. Whatever good you do, God knows it. And take provision (for the journey), but surely the best provision is the guarding (of oneself). So guard (yourselves) against Me, those (of you) with understanding!

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

رَفَثَ وَلَا فُسُوقَ

sexual relations or wickedness

Variant Reading

رَفَثٌ وَلَا فُسُوقٌ

intercourse nor ungodliness

Hafs reads the nouns with fatha (without tanween) indicating absolute categorical negation (La al-Nafiyah lil Jins). The variant (read by Ibn Kathir and Abu 'Amr) reads them with damma and tanween (nominative) indicating standard negation.

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

رَفَثَ وَلَا فُسُوقَ

sexual relations or wickedness

Variant Reading

رَفَثٌ وَلَا فُسُوقٌ

intercourse nor ungodliness

Hafs reads the first two nouns in the accusative case (fat-hah) as an absolute categorical negation. The variant reads them in the nominative case (dammah with tanwin) functioning as standard negations, while keeping the third noun (jidāla) as an absolute negation.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

Al-Baqarah 2:210

هَلۡ يَنظُرُونَ إِلَّآ أَن يَأۡتِيَهُمُ ٱللَّهُ فِي ظُلَلٖ مِّنَ ٱلۡغَمَامِ وَٱلۡمَلَـٰٓئِكَةُ وَقُضِيَ ٱلۡأَمۡرُۚ وَإِلَى ٱللَّهِ تُرۡجَعُ ٱلۡأُمُورُ

Do they expect (anything) but God to come to them in the shadow of the cloud with the angels? The affair has been decided, and to God (all) affairs return.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَٱلۡمَلَٰٓئِكَةُ

with the angels

Variant Reading

وَٱلۡمَلَٰٓئِكَةِ

and angels

The word for 'angels' changes from the nominative case (marfu') to the genitive case (majrur). In Hafs, the angels are the subject coming alongside God. In the variant, they are coordinated with 'clouds', meaning God comes in shades of clouds and in shades of angels.

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

Al-Baqarah 2:214

أَمۡ حَسِبۡتُمۡ أَن تَدۡخُلُواْ ٱلۡجَنَّةَ وَلَمَّا يَأۡتِكُم مَّثَلُ ٱلَّذِينَ خَلَوۡاْ مِن قَبۡلِكُمۖ مَّسَّتۡهُمُ ٱلۡبَأۡسَآءُ وَٱلضَّرَّآءُ وَزُلۡزِلُواْ حَتَّىٰ يَقُولَ ٱلرَّسُولُ وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ مَعَهُۥ مَتَىٰ نَصۡرُ ٱللَّهِۗ أَلَآ إِنَّ نَصۡرَ ٱللَّهِ قَرِيبٞ

Or did you think that you would enter the Garden before you had experienced what those who passed away before you experienced? Violence and hardship touched them, and they were (so) shaken that the messenger, and those who believed with him, said, ‘When will the help of God come?’ Is it not a fact that the help of God is near?

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

يَقُولَ

said

Variant Reading

يَقُولُ

say

The verb changes from the subjunctive case (manṣūb with a fatḥa) to the indicative case (marfū' with a ḍamma). This subtle grammatical shift changes the aspect of the verb from an anticipated endpoint ('until they said') to a consequent, continuous state or factual occurrence ('such that they say/were saying').

Read by:

Qalun, Warsh

Al-Baqarah 2:233

۞وَٱلۡوَٰلِدَٰتُ يُرۡضِعۡنَ أَوۡلَٰدَهُنَّ حَوۡلَيۡنِ كَامِلَيۡنِۖ لِمَنۡ أَرَادَ أَن يُتِمَّ ٱلرَّضَاعَةَۚ وَعَلَى ٱلۡمَوۡلُودِ لَهُۥ رِزۡقُهُنَّ وَكِسۡوَتُهُنَّ بِٱلۡمَعۡرُوفِۚ لَا تُكَلَّفُ نَفۡسٌ إِلَّا وُسۡعَهَاۚ لَا تُضَآرَّ وَٰلِدَةُۢ بِوَلَدِهَا وَلَا مَوۡلُودٞ لَّهُۥ بِوَلَدِهِۦۚ وَعَلَى ٱلۡوَارِثِ مِثۡلُ ذَٰلِكَۗ فَإِنۡ أَرَادَا فِصَالًا عَن تَرَاضٖ مِّنۡهُمَا وَتَشَاوُرٖ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيۡهِمَاۗ وَإِنۡ أَرَدتُّمۡ أَن تَسۡتَرۡضِعُوٓاْ أَوۡلَٰدَكُمۡ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ إِذَا سَلَّمۡتُم مَّآ ءَاتَيۡتُم بِٱلۡمَعۡرُوفِۗ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ بَصِيرٞ

Mothers shall nurse their children for two full years, for those who wish to complete the nursing (period). (It is an obligation) on the father for him (to supply) their provision and their clothing rightfully. No one is to be burdened beyond their capacity. A mother is not to suffer on account of her child, nor a father on account of his child. The (father’s) heir has a similar (obligation) to that. If the two of them wish, by mutual consent and consultation, to wean (the child earlier), (there is) no blame on (either of) them. And if you wish to seek nursing for your children, (there is) no blame on you, provided you pay what you have rightfully promised. Guard (yourselves) against God, and know that God sees what you do.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

تُضَآرَّ

is not to suffer

Variant Reading

تُضَآرُّ

is (supposed to be) harmed

The verb ending changes from a fatha (jussive mood indicating prohibition) to a damma (indicative mood indicating negation).

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

Al-Baqarah 2:240

وَٱلَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوۡنَ مِنكُمۡ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزۡوَٰجٗا وَصِيَّةٗ لِّأَزۡوَٰجِهِم مَّتَٰعًا إِلَى ٱلۡحَوۡلِ غَيۡرَ إِخۡرَاجٖۚ فَإِنۡ خَرَجۡنَ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ فِي مَا فَعَلۡنَ فِيٓ أَنفُسِهِنَّ مِن مَّعۡرُوفٖۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٞ

Those of you who (are about to be) taken, and (are going to) leave behind wives, (let them make) a bequest for their wives: provision for the year without evicting (them from their homes). But if they do leave, (there is) no blame on you for what they may rightfully do with themselves. God is mighty, wise.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَصِيَّةٗ

(let them make) a bequest

Variant Reading

وَصِيَّةٞ

a bequest (is ordained upon them)

Hafs reads 'waṣiyyatan' in the accusative case, implying a hidden verb '(let them make) a bequest'. The variant reads 'waṣiyyatun' in the nominative case, acting as a subject with a hidden predicate, meaning 'a bequest (is an obligation)'.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Warsh

Al-Baqarah 2:245

مَّن ذَا ٱلَّذِي يُقۡرِضُ ٱللَّهَ قَرۡضًا حَسَنٗا فَيُضَٰعِفَهُۥ لَهُۥٓ أَضۡعَافٗا كَثِيرَةٗۚ وَٱللَّهُ يَقۡبِضُ وَيَبۡصُۜطُ وَإِلَيۡهِ تُرۡجَعُونَ

Who is the one who will lend to God a good loan, and He will double it for him many times? God withdraws and extends, and to Him you will be returned.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

فَيُضَٰعِفَهُۥ

will double it

Variant Reading

فَيُضَٰعِفُهُۥ

may multiply it

The final vowel on the verb changes from a fatha (mansub/subjunctive) in Hafs to a damma (marfu'/indicative) in the variant, altering the grammatical function of the conjunction 'fa'.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Qunbul, Susi, Warsh

Al-Baqarah 2:262

ٱلَّذِينَ يُنفِقُونَ أَمۡوَٰلَهُمۡ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ ثُمَّ لَا يُتۡبِعُونَ مَآ أَنفَقُواْ مَنّٗا وَلَآ أَذٗى لَّهُمۡ أَجۡرُهُمۡ عِندَ رَبِّهِمۡ وَلَا خَوۡفٌ عَلَيۡهِمۡ وَلَا هُمۡ يَحۡزَنُونَ

Those who contribute their wealth in the way of God, (and) then do not follow up what they have contributed (with) insult and injury, for them – their reward is with their Lord. (There will be) no fear on them, nor will they sorrow.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

خَوۡفٌ

fear

Variant Reading

خَوۡفَ

fear shall ever be

The case of the word changes from nominative (khawfun) to accusative (khawfa). This makes the preceding 'laa' an absolute negation of the genus (laa al-naafiyah lil-jins), emphasizing that there will be absolutely no fear whatsoever upon them.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Al-Baqarah 2:274

ٱلَّذِينَ يُنفِقُونَ أَمۡوَٰلَهُم بِٱلَّيۡلِ وَٱلنَّهَارِ سِرّٗا وَعَلَانِيَةٗ فَلَهُمۡ أَجۡرُهُمۡ عِندَ رَبِّهِمۡ وَلَا خَوۡفٌ عَلَيۡهِمۡ وَلَا هُمۡ يَحۡزَنُونَ

Those who contribute their wealth in the night and in the day, in secret and in open, for them – their reward is with their Lord. (There will be) no fear on them, nor will they sorrow.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

خَوۡفٌ

no fear

Variant Reading

خَوۡفَ

no fear shall ever be

The vowel changes from a nominative tanwin (khawfun) to an accusative fatha (khawfa). This changes the grammar to absolute negation (lā li-nafy al-jins), strengthening the meaning to 'no fear whatsoever shall ever be'.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Al-Baqarah 2:277

إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ ٱلصَّـٰلِحَٰتِ وَأَقَامُواْ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَءَاتَوُاْ ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ لَهُمۡ أَجۡرُهُمۡ عِندَ رَبِّهِمۡ وَلَا خَوۡفٌ عَلَيۡهِمۡ وَلَا هُمۡ يَحۡزَنُونَ

Surely those who believe and do righteous deeds, and observe the prayer and give the alms, for them – their reward is with their Lord. (There will be) no fear on them, nor will they sorrow.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

خَوۡفٌ

fear

Variant Reading

خَوۡفَ

fear shall ever be

The noun changes from the nominative case ('khawfun' with tanween) to the accusative case ('khawfa' without tanween). This changes the grammatical structure so that the preceding 'La' functions as an absolute negation of the genus (La al-nafiyah li al-jins), meaning absolutely no fear shall ever exist for them.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Al-Baqarah 2:282

يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ إِذَا تَدَايَنتُم بِدَيۡنٍ إِلَىٰٓ أَجَلٖ مُّسَمّٗى فَٱكۡتُبُوهُۚ وَلۡيَكۡتُب بَّيۡنَكُمۡ كَاتِبُۢ بِٱلۡعَدۡلِۚ وَلَا يَأۡبَ كَاتِبٌ أَن يَكۡتُبَ كَمَا عَلَّمَهُ ٱللَّهُۚ فَلۡيَكۡتُبۡ وَلۡيُمۡلِلِ ٱلَّذِي عَلَيۡهِ ٱلۡحَقُّ وَلۡيَتَّقِ ٱللَّهَ رَبَّهُۥ وَلَا يَبۡخَسۡ مِنۡهُ شَيۡـٔٗاۚ فَإِن كَانَ ٱلَّذِي عَلَيۡهِ ٱلۡحَقُّ سَفِيهًا أَوۡ ضَعِيفًا أَوۡ لَا يَسۡتَطِيعُ أَن يُمِلَّ هُوَ فَلۡيُمۡلِلۡ وَلِيُّهُۥ بِٱلۡعَدۡلِۚ وَٱسۡتَشۡهِدُواْ شَهِيدَيۡنِ مِن رِّجَالِكُمۡۖ فَإِن لَّمۡ يَكُونَا رَجُلَيۡنِ فَرَجُلٞ وَٱمۡرَأَتَانِ مِمَّن تَرۡضَوۡنَ مِنَ ٱلشُّهَدَآءِ أَن تَضِلَّ إِحۡدَىٰهُمَا فَتُذَكِّرَ إِحۡدَىٰهُمَا ٱلۡأُخۡرَىٰۚ وَلَا يَأۡبَ ٱلشُّهَدَآءُ إِذَا مَا دُعُواْۚ وَلَا تَسۡـَٔمُوٓاْ أَن تَكۡتُبُوهُ صَغِيرًا أَوۡ كَبِيرًا إِلَىٰٓ أَجَلِهِۦۚ ذَٰلِكُمۡ أَقۡسَطُ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ وَأَقۡوَمُ لِلشَّهَٰدَةِ وَأَدۡنَىٰٓ أَلَّا تَرۡتَابُوٓاْ إِلَّآ أَن تَكُونَ تِجَٰرَةً حَاضِرَةٗ تُدِيرُونَهَا بَيۡنَكُمۡ فَلَيۡسَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ جُنَاحٌ أَلَّا تَكۡتُبُوهَاۗ وَأَشۡهِدُوٓاْ إِذَا تَبَايَعۡتُمۡۚ وَلَا يُضَآرَّ كَاتِبٞ وَلَا شَهِيدٞۚ وَإِن تَفۡعَلُواْ فَإِنَّهُۥ فُسُوقُۢ بِكُمۡۗ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَۖ وَيُعَلِّمُكُمُ ٱللَّهُۗ وَٱللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيۡءٍ عَلِيمٞ

You who believe! When you contract a debt with one another for a fixed term, write it down. Let a scribe write it down fairly between you, and let the scribe not refuse to write it down, seeing that God has taught him. So let him write, and let the one who owes the debt dictate, and let him guard (himself) against God his Lord, and not diminish anything from it. If the one who owes the debt is weak of mind or body, or unable to dictate himself, let his ally dictate fairly. And call in two of your men as witnesses, or, if there are not two men, then one man and two women, from those present whom you approve of as witnesses, so that if one of the two women goes astray, the other will remind her. And let the witnesses not refuse when they are called on. Do not disdain to write it down, (however) small or large, with its due date. That is more upright in the sight of God, more reliable for witnessing (it), and (makes it) more likely that you will not be in doubt (afterwards) – unless it is an actual transaction you exchange among yourselves, and then there is no blame on you if you do not write it down. But take witnesses when you do business with each other. Only let the scribe or the witness not injure either party, or, if you do, that is wickedness on your part. So guard (yourselves) against God. God teaches you, and God has knowledge of everything.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

أَن تَضِلَّ إِحۡدَىٰهُمَا فَتُذَكِّرَ

so that if one of the two women goes astray, the other will remind her

Variant Reading

إِن تَضِلَّ إِحۡدَىٰهُمَا فَتُذَكِّرُ

so that in case one of them errs, the other reminds her

The particle 'an' (that/lest) is read as 'in' (if/in case) with a kasrah, changing it to a conditional clause. Consequently, the verb 'fatudhakkira' (subjunctive) changes to 'fatudhakkiru' (indicative) with a dammah.

Ali 'Imran 3:37

فَتَقَبَّلَهَا رَبُّهَا بِقَبُولٍ حَسَنٖ وَأَنۢبَتَهَا نَبَاتًا حَسَنٗا وَكَفَّلَهَا زَكَرِيَّاۖ كُلَّمَا دَخَلَ عَلَيۡهَا زَكَرِيَّا ٱلۡمِحۡرَابَ وَجَدَ عِندَهَا رِزۡقٗاۖ قَالَ يَٰمَرۡيَمُ أَنَّىٰ لَكِ هَٰذَاۖ قَالَتۡ هُوَ مِنۡ عِندِ ٱللَّهِۖ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَرۡزُقُ مَن يَشَآءُ بِغَيۡرِ حِسَابٍ

So her Lord accepted her fully and caused her to grow up well, and Zachariah took charge of her. Whenever Zachariah entered upon her (in) the place of prayer, he found a provision (of food) with her. He said, ‘Mary! Where does this (food) come to you from?’ She said, ‘It is from God. Surely God provides for whomever He pleases without reckoning.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

كَفَّلَهَا زَكَرِيَّا

Zachariah took charge of her

Variant Reading

كَفَلَهَا زَكَرِيَّآءُ

Zechariah sponsored her

Hafs reads the verb with a shadda (kaffalaha) as a Form II causative, making Allah the subject and Zachariah the object (accusative). The variant reads it without a shadda (kafalaha) as Form I, making Zechariah the explicit subject (nominative), which also changes the ending of his name to a hamza with a damma.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi, Warsh

Ali 'Imran 3:47

قَالَتۡ رَبِّ أَنَّىٰ يَكُونُ لِي وَلَدٞ وَلَمۡ يَمۡسَسۡنِي بَشَرٞۖ قَالَ كَذَٰلِكِ ٱللَّهُ يَخۡلُقُ مَا يَشَآءُۚ إِذَا قَضَىٰٓ أَمۡرٗا فَإِنَّمَا يَقُولُ لَهُۥ كُن فَيَكُونُ

She said, ‘My Lord, how shall I have a child, when no man has touched me?’ He said, ‘So (it will be)! God creates whatever He pleases. When He decrees something, He simply says to it, “Be!” and it is.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

فَيَكُونُ

and it is

Variant Reading

فَيَكُونَ

so it is

The verb 'yakun' changes from the indicative mood (marfu') with a damma to the subjunctive mood (mansub) with a fatha, functioning as a resultative clause.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan

Ali 'Imran 3:49

وَرَسُولًا إِلَىٰ بَنِيٓ إِسۡرَـٰٓءِيلَ أَنِّي قَدۡ جِئۡتُكُم بِـَٔايَةٖ مِّن رَّبِّكُمۡ أَنِّيٓ أَخۡلُقُ لَكُم مِّنَ ٱلطِّينِ كَهَيۡـَٔةِ ٱلطَّيۡرِ فَأَنفُخُ فِيهِ فَيَكُونُ طَيۡرَۢا بِإِذۡنِ ٱللَّهِۖ وَأُبۡرِئُ ٱلۡأَكۡمَهَ وَٱلۡأَبۡرَصَ وَأُحۡيِ ٱلۡمَوۡتَىٰ بِإِذۡنِ ٱللَّهِۖ وَأُنَبِّئُكُم بِمَا تَأۡكُلُونَ وَمَا تَدَّخِرُونَ فِي بُيُوتِكُمۡۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَأٓيَةٗ لَّكُمۡ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤۡمِنِينَ

And (He will make him) a messenger to the Sons of Israel. ‘Surely I have brought you a sign from your Lord: I shall create for you the form of a bird from clay. Then I will breathe into it and it will become a bird by the permission of God. And I shall heal the blind and the leper, and give the dead life by the permission of God. And I shall inform you of what you may eat, and what you may store up in your houses. Surely in that is a sign indeed for you, if you are believers.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

أَنِّيٓ

I

Variant Reading

إِنِّيٓ

I truly

Changing the fat-ha on the hamza (أَنِّي) to a kasrah (إِنِّي) shifts the syntax from a subordinate explanatory clause (apposition) to an independent declarative sentence.

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Warsh

Ali 'Imran 3:170

فَرِحِينَ بِمَآ ءَاتَىٰهُمُ ٱللَّهُ مِن فَضۡلِهِۦ وَيَسۡتَبۡشِرُونَ بِٱلَّذِينَ لَمۡ يَلۡحَقُواْ بِهِم مِّنۡ خَلۡفِهِمۡ أَلَّا خَوۡفٌ عَلَيۡهِمۡ وَلَا هُمۡ يَحۡزَنُونَ

gloating over what God has given them of his favor, and welcoming the good news about those who have not (yet) joined them of those who stayed behind – that (there will be) no fear on them, nor will they sorrow.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

خَوۡفٌ

no fear

Variant Reading

خَوۡفَ

no fear shall ever be

The noun changes from the nominative case with tanween (khawfun) to the accusative case without tanween (khawfa). This changes the particle 'la' into the absolute negation of the genus, expressing a categorical denial that any fear shall ever exist.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

An-Nisa 4:1

يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّاسُ ٱتَّقُواْ رَبَّكُمُ ٱلَّذِي خَلَقَكُم مِّن نَّفۡسٖ وَٰحِدَةٖ وَخَلَقَ مِنۡهَا زَوۡجَهَا وَبَثَّ مِنۡهُمَا رِجَالٗا كَثِيرٗا وَنِسَآءٗۚ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ ٱلَّذِي تَسَآءَلُونَ بِهِۦ وَٱلۡأَرۡحَامَۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ رَقِيبٗا

People! Guard (yourselves) against your Lord, who created you from one person, and from him created his wife, and scattered from the two of them many men and women. And guard (yourselves) against God, whom you ask each other questions about, and (guard yourselves against) the wombs. Surely God is watching over you.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَٱلۡأَرۡحَامَ

and (guard yourselves against) the wombs

Variant Reading

وَٱلۡأَرۡحَامِ

and the name of the wombs

The vowel on the final letter changes from a fathah (accusative case) to a kasrah (genitive case). In Hafs, it is an object of caution ('fear Allah and the wombs'). In the variant, it coordinates with the pronoun 'Him' ('ask by Allah and by the wombs').

Read by:

Khalaf, Khallad

An-Nisa 4:3

وَإِنۡ خِفۡتُمۡ أَلَّا تُقۡسِطُواْ فِي ٱلۡيَتَٰمَىٰ فَٱنكِحُواْ مَا طَابَ لَكُم مِّنَ ٱلنِّسَآءِ مَثۡنَىٰ وَثُلَٰثَ وَرُبَٰعَۖ فَإِنۡ خِفۡتُمۡ أَلَّا تَعۡدِلُواْ فَوَٰحِدَةً أَوۡ مَا مَلَكَتۡ أَيۡمَٰنُكُمۡۚ ذَٰلِكَ أَدۡنَىٰٓ أَلَّا تَعُولُواْ

If you fear that you will not act fairly toward the orphan girls, marry what seems good to you of the women: two, or three, or four. But if you fear that you will not be fair, (marry only) one, or what your right (hands) own. That (will make it) more likely that you will not be biased.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

فَوَٰحِدَةً

(marry only) one

Variant Reading

فَوَٰحِدَةٌ

then (only) one (is enough)

The word changes from accusative (mansub), implying the hidden verb 'marry one', to nominative (marfu'), meaning 'one is enough'.

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

An-Nisa 4:29

يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لَا تَأۡكُلُوٓاْ أَمۡوَٰلَكُم بَيۡنَكُم بِٱلۡبَٰطِلِ إِلَّآ أَن تَكُونَ تِجَٰرَةً عَن تَرَاضٖ مِّنكُمۡۚ وَلَا تَقۡتُلُوٓاْ أَنفُسَكُمۡۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ بِكُمۡ رَحِيمٗا

You who believe! Do not consume your property among yourselves by means of falsehood, but (let there) be a transaction among you by mutual agreement. And do not kill one another. Surely God is compassionate with you.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

تِجَٰرَةً

a transaction

Variant Reading

تِجَٰرَةٌ

a bargain

The word changes from the accusative case (tijāratan) to the nominative case (tijāratun). In Hafs, the verb 'takūna' is incomplete (nāqiṣah), making 'transaction' its predicate. In the variant, 'takūna' is complete (tāmmah), meaning 'to exist' or 'to occur', making 'bargain' its subject.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi, Warsh

An-Nisa 4:34

ٱلرِّجَالُ قَوَّـٰمُونَ عَلَى ٱلنِّسَآءِ بِمَا فَضَّلَ ٱللَّهُ بَعۡضَهُمۡ عَلَىٰ بَعۡضٖ وَبِمَآ أَنفَقُواْ مِنۡ أَمۡوَٰلِهِمۡۚ فَٱلصَّـٰلِحَٰتُ قَٰنِتَٰتٌ حَٰفِظَٰتٞ لِّلۡغَيۡبِ بِمَا حَفِظَ ٱللَّهُۚ وَٱلَّـٰتِي تَخَافُونَ نُشُوزَهُنَّ فَعِظُوهُنَّ وَٱهۡجُرُوهُنَّ فِي ٱلۡمَضَاجِعِ وَٱضۡرِبُوهُنَّۖ فَإِنۡ أَطَعۡنَكُمۡ فَلَا تَبۡغُواْ عَلَيۡهِنَّ سَبِيلًاۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيّٗا كَبِيرٗا

Men are supervisors of women because God has favored some of them over others, and because they have contributed from their wealth. Righteous women are obedient, watching over (affairs) in the absence (of their husbands) because God has watched over (them). (As for) those women whom you fear may be rebellious: admonish them, avoid them in bed, and (finally) strike them. If they obey you, do not seek (any further) way against them. Surely God is most high, great.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

حَفِظَ ٱللَّهُ

God has watched over

Variant Reading

حَفِظَ ٱللَّهَ

(the religion of) Allah has been preserved

The word 'Allah' changes from the nominative subject (marfu') in Hafs to the accusative object (mansub) in the variant. This shifts the meaning from 'God has watched over' to the wives 'preserving (the commands/religion of) Allah'.

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

An-Nisa 4:40

إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يَظۡلِمُ مِثۡقَالَ ذَرَّةٖۖ وَإِن تَكُ حَسَنَةٗ يُضَٰعِفۡهَا وَيُؤۡتِ مِن لَّدُنۡهُ أَجۡرًا عَظِيمٗا

Surely God does not do (even) a speck’s weight of evil. If it is a good (deed), He doubles it, and gives from Himself a great reward.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

حَسَنَةٗ

a good (deed)

Variant Reading

حَسَنَةٞ

a good deed

In Hafs, 'ḥasanatan' is read in the accusative case (manṣūb) as the predicate of the verb 'taku' (meaning 'if it is a good deed'). In the variant, it is read in the nominative case ('ḥasanatun', marfū') as the subject of 'taku', making it a complete verb (meaning 'if there exists a good deed').

Read by:

Bazzi, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Warsh

An-Nisa 4:95

لَّا يَسۡتَوِي ٱلۡقَٰعِدُونَ مِنَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ غَيۡرُ أُوْلِي ٱلضَّرَرِ وَٱلۡمُجَٰهِدُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ بِأَمۡوَٰلِهِمۡ وَأَنفُسِهِمۡۚ فَضَّلَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلۡمُجَٰهِدِينَ بِأَمۡوَٰلِهِمۡ وَأَنفُسِهِمۡ عَلَى ٱلۡقَٰعِدِينَ دَرَجَةٗۚ وَكُلّٗا وَعَدَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلۡحُسۡنَىٰۚ وَفَضَّلَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلۡمُجَٰهِدِينَ عَلَى ٱلۡقَٰعِدِينَ أَجۡرًا عَظِيمٗا

Those of the believers who sit (at home) – other than the injured – are not equal with the ones who struggle in the way of God with their wealth and their lives. God favors in rank the ones who struggle with their wealth and their lives over the ones who sit (at home). To each God has promised the good (reward), but God favors (with) a great reward the ones who struggle over the ones who sit (at home):

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

غَيْرُ

other than

Variant Reading

غَيْرَ

except for

Hafs reads 'ghayru' in the nominative case as an adjective modifying the subject 'al-qa'idun' (those who sit), whereas the variant reads 'ghayra' in the accusative case denoting an exception (istithna').

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Qalun, Warsh

Al-Ma'idah 5:6

يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ إِذَا قُمۡتُمۡ إِلَى ٱلصَّلَوٰةِ فَٱغۡسِلُواْ وُجُوهَكُمۡ وَأَيۡدِيَكُمۡ إِلَى ٱلۡمَرَافِقِ وَٱمۡسَحُواْ بِرُءُوسِكُمۡ وَأَرۡجُلَكُمۡ إِلَى ٱلۡكَعۡبَيۡنِۚ وَإِن كُنتُمۡ جُنُبٗا فَٱطَّهَّرُواْۚ وَإِن كُنتُم مَّرۡضَىٰٓ أَوۡ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٍ أَوۡ جَآءَ أَحَدٞ مِّنكُم مِّنَ ٱلۡغَآئِطِ أَوۡ لَٰمَسۡتُمُ ٱلنِّسَآءَ فَلَمۡ تَجِدُواْ مَآءٗ فَتَيَمَّمُواْ صَعِيدٗا طَيِّبٗا فَٱمۡسَحُواْ بِوُجُوهِكُمۡ وَأَيۡدِيكُم مِّنۡهُۚ مَا يُرِيدُ ٱللَّهُ لِيَجۡعَلَ عَلَيۡكُم مِّنۡ حَرَجٖ وَلَٰكِن يُرِيدُ لِيُطَهِّرَكُمۡ وَلِيُتِمَّ نِعۡمَتَهُۥ عَلَيۡكُمۡ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَشۡكُرُونَ

You who believe! When you stand up for the prayer, wash your faces and your hands up to the elbows, and wipe your heads and your feet up to the ankles. If you are defiled, purify yourselves. If you are sick or on a journey, or if one of you has come from the toilet, or if you have touched women, and you do not find any water, take clean earth and wipe your faces and your hands with it. God does not wish to place any difficulty on you, but He wishes to purify you and to complete His blessing on you, so that you may be thankful.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَأَرۡجُلَكُمۡ

and your feet

Variant Reading

وَأَرۡجُلِكُمُۥ

and your feet

The vowel on the word 'feet' changes from an accusative fathah in Hafs to a genitive kasrah in the variant, changing its grammatical coordination from the washed body parts (faces/hands) to the wiped body part (heads).

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qunbul, Shu'bah, Susi

Al-Ma'idah 5:45

وَكَتَبۡنَا عَلَيۡهِمۡ فِيهَآ أَنَّ ٱلنَّفۡسَ بِٱلنَّفۡسِ وَٱلۡعَيۡنَ بِٱلۡعَيۡنِ وَٱلۡأَنفَ بِٱلۡأَنفِ وَٱلۡأُذُنَ بِٱلۡأُذُنِ وَٱلسِّنَّ بِٱلسِّنِّ وَٱلۡجُرُوحَ قِصَاصٞۚ فَمَن تَصَدَّقَ بِهِۦ فَهُوَ كَفَّارَةٞ لَّهُۥۚ وَمَن لَّمۡ يَحۡكُم بِمَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ فَأُوْلَـٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلظَّـٰلِمُونَ

We prescribed for them in it: ‘The life for the life, and the eye for the eye, and the nose for the nose, and the ear for the ear, and the tooth for the tooth, and (for) the wounds retaliation.’ But whoever remits it as a freewill offering, it will be an atonement for him. Whoever does not judge by what God has sent down, those – they are the evildoers.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَٱلۡجُرُوحَ

and the wounds

Variant Reading

وَٱلۡجُرُوحُ

and wounds

The variant reads the word in the nominative case (marfu') as an independent clause, whereas Hafs reads it in the accusative case (mansub) as a continuation of the previous clause governed by 'anna'.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَٱلۡجُرُوحَ

and (for) the wounds

Variant Reading

وَٱلۡجُرُوحُ

and for wounds

The word changes from accusative (fathah) in Hafs, continuing the list governed by 'anna', to nominative (dammah) in the variant, starting a new independent clause.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qunbul, Susi

Al-Ma'idah 5:47

وَلۡيَحۡكُمۡ أَهۡلُ ٱلۡإِنجِيلِ بِمَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ فِيهِۚ وَمَن لَّمۡ يَحۡكُم بِمَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ فَأُوْلَـٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلۡفَٰسِقُونَ

So let the People of the Gospel judge by what God has sent down in it. Whoever does not judge by what God has sent down, those – they are the wicked.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَلۡيَحۡكُمۡ

So let ... judge

Variant Reading

وَلِيَحۡكُمَ

And so that ... may judge

The Hafs reading uses the imperative Lam (Lam al-Amr) with a sukun and makes the verb jussive (majzum) with a sukun on the mim, functioning as a command. The variant reads the Lam with a kasrah (Lam al-Ta'lil/purpose) and the verb in the subjunctive mood (mansub) with a fatha on the mim, expressing purpose or reason.

Read by:

Khalaf, Khallad

Al-Ma'idah 5:53

وَيَقُولُ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ أَهَـٰٓؤُلَآءِ ٱلَّذِينَ أَقۡسَمُواْ بِٱللَّهِ جَهۡدَ أَيۡمَٰنِهِمۡ إِنَّهُمۡ لَمَعَكُمۡۚ حَبِطَتۡ أَعۡمَٰلُهُمۡ فَأَصۡبَحُواْ خَٰسِرِينَ

But those who believe will say, ‘Are these those who swore by God the most solemn of their oaths: (that) surely they were indeed with you? Their deeds have come to nothing, and they are the losers.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَيَقُولُ

will say

Variant Reading

وَيَقُولَ

(hopefully) will say

The final vowel on the verb changes from a damma (indicative case) to a fatha (subjunctive case), slightly altering the syntactic connection to the preceding verse and adding a sense of hope or expectation in the translation.

Read by:

Duri Abu 'Amr, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

Al-Ma'idah 5:57

يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لَا تَتَّخِذُواْ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱتَّخَذُواْ دِينَكُمۡ هُزُوٗا وَلَعِبٗا مِّنَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ مِن قَبۡلِكُمۡ وَٱلۡكُفَّارَ أَوۡلِيَآءَۚ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤۡمِنِينَ

You who believe! Do not take those who take your religion in mockery and jest as allies, (either) from those who were given the Book before you, or (from) the disbelievers. Guard (yourselves) against God, if you are believers.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَٱلۡكُفَّارَ

the disbelievers

Variant Reading

وَاَلۡكُفّ۪ارِ

from among the deniers

The terminal vowel changes from accusative (fatha) to genitive (kasra), shifting the grammatical conjunction from the direct object 'those who take your religion in mockery' to the prepositional phrase 'from those who were given the Book'.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

Al-Ma'idah 5:60

قُلۡ هَلۡ أُنَبِّئُكُم بِشَرّٖ مِّن ذَٰلِكَ مَثُوبَةً عِندَ ٱللَّهِۚ مَن لَّعَنَهُ ٱللَّهُ وَغَضِبَ عَلَيۡهِ وَجَعَلَ مِنۡهُمُ ٱلۡقِرَدَةَ وَٱلۡخَنَازِيرَ وَعَبَدَ ٱلطَّـٰغُوتَۚ أُوْلَـٰٓئِكَ شَرّٞ مَّكَانٗا وَأَضَلُّ عَن سَوَآءِ ٱلسَّبِيلِ

Say: ‘Shall I inform you of (something) worse than that? Retribution with God! Whomever God has cursed, and whomever He is angry with – some of whom He made apes, and pigs, and slaves of al-Ṭāghūt – those are in a worse situation and farther astray from the right way.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

عَبَدَ ٱلطَّٰغُوتَ

slaves of al-Ṭāghūt

Variant Reading

عُبُدَ ٱلطَّٰغُوتِ

servants of false masters

Hafs uses the past-tense verb 'abada (worshipped) followed by the accusative object al-ṭāghūta (fathah). The variant (read by Hamzah) reads it as the plural noun 'ubuda (servants) in a construct state (Iḍāfah), which changes the following word to the genitive al-ṭāghūti (kasrah).

Read by:

Khalaf, Khallad

Al-Ma'idah 5:69

إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَٱلَّذِينَ هَادُواْ وَٱلصَّـٰبِـُٔونَ وَٱلنَّصَٰرَىٰ مَنۡ ءَامَنَ بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلۡيَوۡمِ ٱلۡأٓخِرِ وَعَمِلَ صَٰلِحٗا فَلَا خَوۡفٌ عَلَيۡهِمۡ وَلَا هُمۡ يَحۡزَنُونَ

Surely those who believe, and those who are Jews, and the Sabians, and the Christians – whoever believes in God and the Last Day, and does righteousness – (there will be) no fear on them, nor will they sorrow.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

فَلَا خَوۡفٌ

no fear

Variant Reading

فَلَا خَوۡفَ

no fear shall ever be

The word 'khawf' changes from the nominative case (khawfun) to the accusative case (khawfa). In the variant, 'la' functions as the absolute categorical negation (la al-nafiya lil-jins), adding the emphatic meaning that no fear of any kind shall ever be upon them.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Al-Ma'idah 5:95

يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لَا تَقۡتُلُواْ ٱلصَّيۡدَ وَأَنتُمۡ حُرُمٞۚ وَمَن قَتَلَهُۥ مِنكُم مُّتَعَمِّدٗا فَجَزَآءٞ مِّثۡلُ مَا قَتَلَ مِنَ ٱلنَّعَمِ يَحۡكُمُ بِهِۦ ذَوَا عَدۡلٖ مِّنكُمۡ هَدۡيَۢا بَٰلِغَ ٱلۡكَعۡبَةِ أَوۡ كَفَّـٰرَةٞ طَعَامُ مَسَٰكِينَ أَوۡ عَدۡلُ ذَٰلِكَ صِيَامٗا لِّيَذُوقَ وَبَالَ أَمۡرِهِۦۗ عَفَا ٱللَّهُ عَمَّا سَلَفَۚ وَمَنۡ عَادَ فَيَنتَقِمُ ٱللَّهُ مِنۡهُۚ وَٱللَّهُ عَزِيزٞ ذُو ٱنتِقَامٍ

You who believe! Do not kill wild game when you are (in a state of) sanctity. Whoever of you kills it intentionally, (there is) a penalty equivalent (to) what he has killed from the livestock – as two just men among you will determine it – as an offering to reach the Ka‘ba. Or (there is) a penalty of the feeding of poor persons, or the equivalent of that in fasting, so that he may taste the consequence of his action. God pardons whatever is past, but whoever returns (to repeat his offense) – God will take vengeance on him. God is mighty, a taker of vengeance.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

فَجَزَآءٞ مِّثۡلُ

a penalty equivalent

Variant Reading

فَجَزَآءُ مِثْلِ

the like ... (shall do for a penalty)

Hafs reads 'jazā'un' with tanween (nominative) and 'mithlu' (nominative) as an apposition/adjective. The variant reads them as a genitive construction (idafa) with 'jazā'u' (mudhaf) and 'mithli' (mudhaf ilayhi), changing the phrasing to 'the penalty of the equivalent'.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Susi, Warsh

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

كَفَّٰرَةٞ طَعَامُ

a penalty of the feeding

Variant Reading

كَفَّٰرَةُ طَعَامِ

an atonement of food

The variant connects the two words in a genitive construct (idafa), removing the tanween from the first word and changing the second word to the genitive case (kasra). Hafs reads them separately in apposition, with tanween on the first word and the nominative case (damma) on the second.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Warsh

Al-Ma'idah 5:119

قَالَ ٱللَّهُ هَٰذَا يَوۡمُ يَنفَعُ ٱلصَّـٰدِقِينَ صِدۡقُهُمۡۚ لَهُمۡ جَنَّـٰتٞ تَجۡرِي مِن تَحۡتِهَا ٱلۡأَنۡهَٰرُ خَٰلِدِينَ فِيهَآ أَبَدٗاۖ رَّضِيَ ٱللَّهُ عَنۡهُمۡ وَرَضُواْ عَنۡهُۚ ذَٰلِكَ ٱلۡفَوۡزُ ٱلۡعَظِيمُ

God said, ‘This is the Day when their truthfulness will benefit the truthful. For them (there are) Gardens through which rivers flow, there to remain forever. God is pleased with them, and they are pleased with Him. That is the great triumph!’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

يَوۡمُ

the Day

Variant Reading

يَوْمَ

on the day

The word 'yawm' is read with a dhamma (nominative case) in Hafs, making it the predicate of the sentence ('This is the Day'). In the variant, it is read with a fatha (accusative case), making it an adverb of time ('This is on the day').

Read by:

Qalun, Warsh

Al-An'am 6:23

ثُمَّ لَمۡ تَكُن فِتۡنَتُهُمۡ إِلَّآ أَن قَالُواْ وَٱللَّهِ رَبِّنَا مَا كُنَّا مُشۡرِكِينَ

Then their only excuse will be to claim, ‘By God, our Lord! We have not been idolaters.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

فِتۡنَتُهُمۡ

excuse

Variant Reading

فِتْنَتَهُمُۥٓ

turmoil

The vowel on the 'taa' changes from a damma (nominative) to a fatha (accusative). This shifts the word from being the subject (ism) of 'kana' to its predicate (khabar).

Read by:

Duri Abu 'Amr, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Qalun, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Diacritical Difference (dots) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

تَكُن فِتۡنَتُهُمۡ

excuse will be

Variant Reading

يَكُن فِتۡنَتَهُمۡ

turmoil was

The verb 'takun' (feminine) changes to 'yakun' (masculine) through a change in dots (ta to ya). Concurrently, 'fitnatuhum' changes from the nominative subject (ism kana) to the accusative predicate (khabar kana, read as 'fitnatahum'), making the subsequent clause 'that they said' the new grammatical subject.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Khalaf, Khallad, Rawh, Ruways

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

رَبِّنَا

our Lord

Variant Reading

رَبَّنَا

O our Lord

The word changes from the genitive 'rabbina' (apposition to Allah) to the accusative 'rabbana', which makes it a vocative phrase (calling out 'O our Lord').

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad

Al-An'am 6:27

وَلَوۡ تَرَىٰٓ إِذۡ وُقِفُواْ عَلَى ٱلنَّارِ فَقَالُواْ يَٰلَيۡتَنَا نُرَدُّ وَلَا نُكَذِّبَ بِـَٔايَٰتِ رَبِّنَا وَنَكُونَ مِنَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ

If (only) you could see when they are made to stand before the Fire: they will say, ‘Would that we (could) be returned, and had not called the signs of our Lord a lie, but were among the believers.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

نُكَذِّبَ ... وَنَكُونَ

had not called a lie ... but were

Variant Reading

نُكَذِّبُ ... وَنَكُونُ

do not disbelieve ... and be

The verbs change from the subjunctive mood (mansub with fatha) to the indicative mood (marfu' with damma). In Hafs, they are joined to the wish ('would that we be returned AND not belie...'). In the variant, they form a circumstantial clause or a new factual statement ('...for we do not disbelieve...').

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Qalun, Qunbul, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Al-An'am 6:32

وَمَا ٱلۡحَيَوٰةُ ٱلدُّنۡيَآ إِلَّا لَعِبٞ وَلَهۡوٞۖ وَلَلدَّارُ ٱلۡأٓخِرَةُ خَيۡرٞ لِّلَّذِينَ يَتَّقُونَۚ أَفَلَا تَعۡقِلُونَ

This present life is nothing but jest and diversion. Yet the Home of the Hereafter is indeed better for the ones who guard (themselves). Will you not understand?

Graphical/Basic Letter Difference Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَلَلدَّارُ ٱلۡأٓخِرَةُ

Yet the Home of the Hereafter is indeed

Variant Reading

وَلَدَارُ ٱلۡأٓخِرَةِ

but the Home of the Hereafter

The definite article 'al' is omitted from the first word in the Shami Uthmani script (written with one lam instead of two), changing the phrase from a noun-adjective relationship to an idafah (possessive) construction. This causes 'al-akhirah' to take the genitive case (kasrah) instead of the nominative.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan

Al-An'am 6:55

وَكَذَٰلِكَ نُفَصِّلُ ٱلۡأٓيَٰتِ وَلِتَسۡتَبِينَ سَبِيلُ ٱلۡمُجۡرِمِينَ

In this way We make the signs distinct, and (We do this) so that the way of the sinners may become clear.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

تَسۡتَبِينَ سَبِيلُ

way may become clear

Variant Reading

تَسْتَبِينَ سَبِيلَ

you can realize the way

The case of 'sabīl' (way) changes from nominative (sabīlu) to accusative (sabīla). This shifts its role from being the subject of the verb to the direct object, consequently changing the verb's implicit subject from 3rd-person feminine ('the way becomes clear') to 2nd-person masculine ('you realize the way').

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Warsh

Al-An'am 6:74

۞وَإِذۡ قَالَ إِبۡرَٰهِيمُ لِأَبِيهِ ءَازَرَ أَتَتَّخِذُ أَصۡنَامًا ءَالِهَةً إِنِّيٓ أَرَىٰكَ وَقَوۡمَكَ فِي ضَلَٰلٖ مُّبِينٖ

(Remember) when Abraham said to his father Āzar: ‘Do you take idols as gods? Surely I see you and your people are clearly astray.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

ءَازَرَ

Āzar

Variant Reading

ءَازَرُ

Azar

Hafs reads the name with a fatha (Aazara) as an apposition (badal) to 'his father', while the variant reads it with a damma (Aazaru) as a vocative, meaning 'O Azar'.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Al-An'am 6:83

وَتِلۡكَ حُجَّتُنَآ ءَاتَيۡنَٰهَآ إِبۡرَٰهِيمَ عَلَىٰ قَوۡمِهِۦۚ نَرۡفَعُ دَرَجَٰتٖ مَّن نَّشَآءُۗ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ حَكِيمٌ عَلِيمٞ

That (was) Our argument. We gave it to Abraham against his people. We raise in rank whomever We please. Surely your Lord is wise, knowing.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

دَرَجَٰتٖ

in rank

Variant Reading

دَرَجَٰتِ

degrees of

Hafs reads 'darajātin' with tanween (indefinite), whereas the variant reads 'darajāti' with a single kasrah, forming an idafa (possessive construct) meaning 'degrees of whomever'.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Susi, Warsh

Al-An'am 6:160

مَن جَآءَ بِٱلۡحَسَنَةِ فَلَهُۥ عَشۡرُ أَمۡثَالِهَاۖ وَمَن جَآءَ بِٱلسَّيِّئَةِ فَلَا يُجۡزَىٰٓ إِلَّا مِثۡلَهَا وَهُمۡ لَا يُظۡلَمُونَ

Whoever brings a good deed will have ten equal to it, but whoever brings an evil deed will only be paid the equal of it – and they will not be done evil.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

عَشۡرُ أَمۡثَالِهَا

ten equal to it

Variant Reading

عَشۡرٌ أَمۡثَالُهَا

ten (others) like it

Hafs uses a genitive construct (mudaf and mudaf ilayh) reading 'ashru amthaliha ('ten of its like'). The variant reads 'ashrun amthaluha with tanween and a nominative adjective (na't or badal), meaning 'ten (other deeds that are) like it'.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Al-A'raf 7:26

يَٰبَنِيٓ ءَادَمَ قَدۡ أَنزَلۡنَا عَلَيۡكُمۡ لِبَاسٗا يُوَٰرِي سَوۡءَٰتِكُمۡ وَرِيشٗاۖ وَلِبَاسُ ٱلتَّقۡوَىٰ ذَٰلِكَ خَيۡرٞۚ ذَٰلِكَ مِنۡ ءَايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ لَعَلَّهُمۡ يَذَّكَّرُونَ

Sons of Adam! We sent down on you clothing – it covers your shameful parts – and feathers. Yet the clothing of guarding (yourselves) – that is better. That is one of the signs of God, so that they may take heed.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَلِبَاسُ

Yet the clothing

Variant Reading

وَلِبَاسَ

and the garment

The final vowel changes from a damma (nominative) to a fatha (accusative). In Hafs, it is the subject of a new sentence. In the variant, it is grammatically conjoined to the earlier accusative objects of what was 'sent down'.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Warsh

Al-A'raf 7:35

يَٰبَنِيٓ ءَادَمَ إِمَّا يَأۡتِيَنَّكُمۡ رُسُلٞ مِّنكُمۡ يَقُصُّونَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ ءَايَٰتِي فَمَنِ ٱتَّقَىٰ وَأَصۡلَحَ فَلَا خَوۡفٌ عَلَيۡهِمۡ وَلَا هُمۡ يَحۡزَنُونَ

Sons of Adam! If messengers from among you should come to you, recounting to you My signs, whoever guards (himself) and sets (things) right – (there will be) no fear on them, nor will they sorrow.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

خَوۡفٌ

fear

Variant Reading

خَوۡفَ

fear shall ever be

The word changes from nominative with tanween (simple negation) to accusative without tanween (absolute negation, indicating categorical denial of any fear whatsoever).

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Al-A'raf 7:44

وَنَادَىٰٓ أَصۡحَٰبُ ٱلۡجَنَّةِ أَصۡحَٰبَ ٱلنَّارِ أَن قَدۡ وَجَدۡنَا مَا وَعَدَنَا رَبُّنَا حَقّٗا فَهَلۡ وَجَدتُّم مَّا وَعَدَ رَبُّكُمۡ حَقّٗاۖ قَالُواْ نَعَمۡۚ فَأَذَّنَ مُؤَذِّنُۢ بَيۡنَهُمۡ أَن لَّعۡنَةُ ٱللَّهِ عَلَى ٱلظَّـٰلِمِينَ

The companions of the Garden will call out to the companions of the Fire: ‘We have found what our Lord promised us (to be) true. So have you found what your Lord promised (to be) true?’ They will say, ‘Yes!’ And then a caller will call out among them: ‘The curse of God is on the evildoers,

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

أَن لَّعۡنَةُ

The curse

Variant Reading

أَنَّ لَعۡنَةَ

Indeed, the curse

In Hafs, 'an' is lightened (mukhaffafah) and 'la'natu' is in the nominative case. In the variant, 'anna' is emphasized (thaqilah) meaning 'indeed', which changes 'la'nata' to the accusative case.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq

Al-A'raf 7:54

إِنَّ رَبَّكُمُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِي خَلَقَ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضَ فِي سِتَّةِ أَيَّامٖ ثُمَّ ٱسۡتَوَىٰ عَلَى ٱلۡعَرۡشِۖ يُغۡشِي ٱلَّيۡلَ ٱلنَّهَارَ يَطۡلُبُهُۥ حَثِيثٗا وَٱلشَّمۡسَ وَٱلۡقَمَرَ وَٱلنُّجُومَ مُسَخَّرَٰتِۭ بِأَمۡرِهِۦٓۗ أَلَا لَهُ ٱلۡخَلۡقُ وَٱلۡأَمۡرُۗ تَبَارَكَ ٱللَّهُ رَبُّ ٱلۡعَٰلَمِينَ

Surely your Lord is God, who created the heavens and the earth in six days. Then He mounted the throne. The night covers the day, which it pursues urgently, and the sun, and the moon, and the stars are subjected, (all) by His command. Is it not (a fact) that to Him (belong) the creation and the command? Blessed (be) God, Lord of the worlds!

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَٱلشَّمۡسَ وَٱلۡقَمَرَ وَٱلنُّجُومَ مُسَخَّرَٰتِ

and the sun, and the moon, and the stars are subjected

Variant Reading

وَٱلشَّمۡسُ وَٱلۡقَمَرُ وَٱلنُّجُومُ مُسَخَّرَٰتٌ

And the sun and the moon and the stars are subjected

Hafs reads the nouns in the accusative case (mansub) as coordinated objects of the previous verb, while the variant reads them in the nominative case (marfu'), creating a new, independent nominal sentence.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan

Al-Anfal 8:11

إِذۡ يُغَشِّيكُمُ ٱلنُّعَاسَ أَمَنَةٗ مِّنۡهُ وَيُنَزِّلُ عَلَيۡكُم مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ مَآءٗ لِّيُطَهِّرَكُم بِهِۦ وَيُذۡهِبَ عَنكُمۡ رِجۡزَ ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنِ وَلِيَرۡبِطَ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِكُمۡ وَيُثَبِّتَ بِهِ ٱلۡأَقۡدَامَ

(Remember) when He covered you with slumber as a security from Him, and sent down on you water from the sky, so that He might purify you by means of it, and take away from you the abomination of Satan, and that he might strengthen your hearts and make firm (your) feet by means of it.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

يُغَشِّيكُمُ ٱلنُّعَاسَ

He covered you with slumber

Variant Reading

يَغۡشَىٰكُمُ ٱلنُّعَاسُ

drowsiness covering you

The verb vowels change from Form II to Form I, shifting the subject of the action from God to the 'slumber' itself. Consequently, the word for slumber changes from an accusative object (ending in fatha) to a nominative subject (ending in damma).

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Susi

At-Tawbah 9:40

إِلَّا تَنصُرُوهُ فَقَدۡ نَصَرَهُ ٱللَّهُ إِذۡ أَخۡرَجَهُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ ثَانِيَ ٱثۡنَيۡنِ إِذۡ هُمَا فِي ٱلۡغَارِ إِذۡ يَقُولُ لِصَٰحِبِهِۦ لَا تَحۡزَنۡ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ مَعَنَاۖ فَأَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ سَكِينَتَهُۥ عَلَيۡهِ وَأَيَّدَهُۥ بِجُنُودٖ لَّمۡ تَرَوۡهَا وَجَعَلَ كَلِمَةَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ ٱلسُّفۡلَىٰۗ وَكَلِمَةُ ٱللَّهِ هِيَ ٱلۡعُلۡيَاۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ

If you do not help him, God has already helped him, when those who disbelieved expelled him, the second of two: when the two were in the cave, (and) when he said to his companion, ‘Do not sorrow, (for) surely God is with us.’ Then God sent down His Sakīna on him, and supported him with forces which you did not see, and made the word of those who disbelieved the lowest, while the word of God is the highest. God is mighty, wise.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَكَلِمَةُ

while the word

Variant Reading

وَكَلِمَةَ

and the Word

The case vowel on the ta' marbuta changes from damma (nominative) in Hafs to fatha (accusative) in the variant (e.g., Ya'qub). In Hafs, it starts a new independent nominal sentence ('while the word of Allah is the highest'). In the variant, it is grammatically conjoined to the preceding clause, functioning as a direct object to the verb 'made' ('and made... the Word of Allah the highest').

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

At-Tawbah 9:61

وَمِنۡهُمُ ٱلَّذِينَ يُؤۡذُونَ ٱلنَّبِيَّ وَيَقُولُونَ هُوَ أُذُنٞۚ قُلۡ أُذُنُ خَيۡرٖ لَّكُمۡ يُؤۡمِنُ بِٱللَّهِ وَيُؤۡمِنُ لِلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ وَرَحۡمَةٞ لِّلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ مِنكُمۡۚ وَٱلَّذِينَ يُؤۡذُونَ رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ لَهُمۡ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٞ

(There are) some of them who hurt the prophet, and say, ‘He is all ears!’ Say: ‘Good ears for you! He believes in God and believes in the believers, and (he is) a mercy for those of you who believe. But those who hurt the messenger of God – for them (there is) a painful punishment.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَرَحۡمَةٞ

and (he is) a mercy

Variant Reading

وَرَحۡمَةٍ

and in mercy

Hafs reads 'rahmatun' (mercy) in the nominative case, acting as a predicate ('and he is a mercy'). The variant reads 'rahmatin' in the genitive case, coordinating it with the preceding prepositional phrase ('he believes in the believers and in mercy').

Read by:

Khalaf, Khallad

Yunus 10:23

فَلَمَّآ أَنجَىٰهُمۡ إِذَا هُمۡ يَبۡغُونَ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ بِغَيۡرِ ٱلۡحَقِّۗ يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّاسُ إِنَّمَا بَغۡيُكُمۡ عَلَىٰٓ أَنفُسِكُمۖ مَّتَٰعَ ٱلۡحَيَوٰةِ ٱلدُّنۡيَاۖ ثُمَّ إِلَيۡنَا مَرۡجِعُكُمۡ فَنُنَبِّئُكُم بِمَا كُنتُمۡ تَعۡمَلُونَ

Yet when He has rescued them, suddenly they become greedy on the earth without any right. People! Your envy is only against yourselves – (the fleeting) enjoyment of this present life. Then to Us is your return, and We shall inform you about what you have done.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

مَّتَٰعَ

enjoyment

Variant Reading

مَّتَٰعُ

is (only) the enjoyment

The word changes from the accusative case (mansub) in Hafs, acting as an adverbial expression of state or time, to the nominative case (marfu') in the variant, making it the predicate (khabar) of the sentence 'your oppression... is the enjoyment'.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Yunus 10:61

وَمَا تَكُونُ فِي شَأۡنٖ وَمَا تَتۡلُواْ مِنۡهُ مِن قُرۡءَانٖ وَلَا تَعۡمَلُونَ مِنۡ عَمَلٍ إِلَّا كُنَّا عَلَيۡكُمۡ شُهُودًا إِذۡ تُفِيضُونَ فِيهِۚ وَمَا يَعۡزُبُ عَن رَّبِّكَ مِن مِّثۡقَالِ ذَرَّةٖ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَلَا فِي ٱلسَّمَآءِ وَلَآ أَصۡغَرَ مِن ذَٰلِكَ وَلَآ أَكۡبَرَ إِلَّا فِي كِتَٰبٖ مُّبِينٍ

You are not (engaged) in any matter, nor do you recite any recitation of it, nor do you do any deed, except (that) We are witnesses over you when you are busy with it. Not (even) the weight of a speck on the earth or in the sky escapes from your Lord, nor (is there anything) smaller than that or greater, except (that it is recorded) in a clear Book.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

أَصۡغَرَ

smaller

Variant Reading

أَصْغَرُ

smaller

Hafs reads 'asghara' (and 'akbara') in the accusative case (with fathah) as a negation, while the variant reads 'asgharu' (and 'akbaru') in the nominative case (with dammah) as the subject of a new clause.

Read by:

Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Rawh, Ruways

Yunus 10:71

۞وَٱتۡلُ عَلَيۡهِمۡ نَبَأَ نُوحٍ إِذۡ قَالَ لِقَوۡمِهِۦ يَٰقَوۡمِ إِن كَانَ كَبُرَ عَلَيۡكُم مَّقَامِي وَتَذۡكِيرِي بِـَٔايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ فَعَلَى ٱللَّهِ تَوَكَّلۡتُ فَأَجۡمِعُوٓاْ أَمۡرَكُمۡ وَشُرَكَآءَكُمۡ ثُمَّ لَا يَكُنۡ أَمۡرُكُمۡ عَلَيۡكُمۡ غُمَّةٗ ثُمَّ ٱقۡضُوٓاْ إِلَيَّ وَلَا تُنظِرُونِ

Recite to them the story of Noah: when he said to his people, ‘My people! If my stay (here) and my reminding (you) by the signs of God are hard on you, yet in God have I put my trust. So put together your plan, (you) and your associates. Then do not let your plan (be a cause of) distress for you. Then decide about me and do not spare me.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَشُرَكَآءَكُمۡ

(you) and your associates

Variant Reading

وَشُرَكَآؤُكُمۡ

and so should your associates

The case ending changes from accusative (with a fatha) to nominative (with a damma), shifting its grammatical role from an accompanying object to a coordinated subject.

Read by:

Rawh

Hud 11:3

وَأَنِ ٱسۡتَغۡفِرُواْ رَبَّكُمۡ ثُمَّ تُوبُوٓاْ إِلَيۡهِ يُمَتِّعۡكُم مَّتَٰعًا حَسَنًا إِلَىٰٓ أَجَلٖ مُّسَمّٗى وَيُؤۡتِ كُلَّ ذِي فَضۡلٖ فَضۡلَهُۥۖ وَإِن تَوَلَّوۡاْ فَإِنِّيٓ أَخَافُ عَلَيۡكُمۡ عَذَابَ يَوۡمٖ كَبِيرٍ

And: ‘Ask forgiveness from your Lord, then turn to Him (in repentance). He will give you good enjoyment (of life) for an appointed time, and give His favor to everyone (deserving) of favor. If you turn away – surely I fear for you the punishment of a great Day.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

تَوَلَّوۡاْ

turn away

Variant Reading

تَّوَلَّوۡاْ

turn away

The variant reads with a shadda on the initial ta' (tatawallaw -> ttawallaw), assimilating the second ta' of the present tense verb, whereas Hafs reads with a single, ungeminated ta' indicating its omission. The core meaning remains the same.

Read by:

Bazzi

Hud 11:40

حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا جَآءَ أَمۡرُنَا وَفَارَ ٱلتَّنُّورُ قُلۡنَا ٱحۡمِلۡ فِيهَا مِن كُلّٖ زَوۡجَيۡنِ ٱثۡنَيۡنِ وَأَهۡلَكَ إِلَّا مَن سَبَقَ عَلَيۡهِ ٱلۡقَوۡلُ وَمَنۡ ءَامَنَۚ وَمَآ ءَامَنَ مَعَهُۥٓ إِلَّا قَلِيلٞ

– Until, when Our command came and the oven boiled, We said, ‘Load into it two of every kind, a pair, and your family – except for the one against whom the word has (already) gone forth – and whoever has believed.’ But only a few had believed with him.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

كُلّٖ

every kind

Variant Reading

كُلِّ

each female and male kind

Hafs reads with tanween (kullin), making it independent ('of every kind'). The Variant reads without tanween (kulli) in a possessive construct (mudaf), meaning 'of every pair'.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Hud 11:81

قَالُواْ يَٰلُوطُ إِنَّا رُسُلُ رَبِّكَ لَن يَصِلُوٓاْ إِلَيۡكَۖ فَأَسۡرِ بِأَهۡلِكَ بِقِطۡعٖ مِّنَ ٱلَّيۡلِ وَلَا يَلۡتَفِتۡ مِنكُمۡ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا ٱمۡرَأَتَكَۖ إِنَّهُۥ مُصِيبُهَا مَآ أَصَابَهُمۡۚ إِنَّ مَوۡعِدَهُمُ ٱلصُّبۡحُۚ أَلَيۡسَ ٱلصُّبۡحُ بِقَرِيبٖ

They said, ‘Lot! Surely we are messengers of your Lord. They will not reach you. So journey with your family in a part of the night, and let none of you turn around, except your wife, (for) surely what is about to smite them is going to smite her. Surely their appointment is the morning. Is the morning not near?’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

ٱمۡرَأَتَكَ

except your wife

Variant Reading

ٱمۡرَأَتُكَ

except for your wife

The accusative case in Hafs (fat'hah) makes 'your wife' an exception from those traveling ('family'), while the nominative case (dammah) in the variant makes her an exception from those prohibited from looking back ('none of you').

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Susi

Yusuf 12:76

فَبَدَأَ بِأَوۡعِيَتِهِمۡ قَبۡلَ وِعَآءِ أَخِيهِ ثُمَّ ٱسۡتَخۡرَجَهَا مِن وِعَآءِ أَخِيهِۚ كَذَٰلِكَ كِدۡنَا لِيُوسُفَۖ مَا كَانَ لِيَأۡخُذَ أَخَاهُ فِي دِينِ ٱلۡمَلِكِ إِلَّآ أَن يَشَآءَ ٱللَّهُۚ نَرۡفَعُ دَرَجَٰتٖ مَّن نَّشَآءُۗ وَفَوۡقَ كُلِّ ذِي عِلۡمٍ عَلِيمٞ

So he began with their packs before (searching) his brother’s pack, (and) then he brought it out of his brother’s pack. In this way We plotted for (the sake of) Joseph. He was not one to take his brother, in (accord with) the religion of the king, unless God had (so) pleased. We raise in rank whomever We please, and above everyone who has knowledge is the One who knows.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

دَرَجَٰتٖ

in rank

Variant Reading

دَرَجَٰتِ

the degrees (ranks) of

The Hafs reading uses tanween (darajātin), acting as an adverbial specification ('We raise whom We please in rank/degrees'), while the variant drops the tanween to form an Idafah possessive construction ('We raise the degrees of whomever').

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Susi, Warsh

Ar-Ra'd 13:4

وَفِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ قِطَعٞ مُّتَجَٰوِرَٰتٞ وَجَنَّـٰتٞ مِّنۡ أَعۡنَٰبٖ وَزَرۡعٞ وَنَخِيلٞ صِنۡوَانٞ وَغَيۡرُ صِنۡوَانٖ يُسۡقَىٰ بِمَآءٖ وَٰحِدٖ وَنُفَضِّلُ بَعۡضَهَا عَلَىٰ بَعۡضٖ فِي ٱلۡأُكُلِۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَأٓيَٰتٖ لِّقَوۡمٖ يَعۡقِلُونَ

On the earth (there are) parts neighboring (each other), and gardens of grapes, and (fields of) crops, and palm trees, (growing in) bunches and singly, (all) watered with one water. Yet We favor some of it over others in fruit. Surely in that are signs indeed for a people who understand.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَزَرۡعٞ وَنَخِيلٞ

and (fields of) crops, and palm trees

Variant Reading

وَزَرْعٖ وَنَخِيلٖ

and (of) vegetation and (of) date-palms

Hafs reads in the nominative case (marfu'), conjoining the words to 'gardens' (jannatun). The variant reads them in the genitive case (majrur), conjoining them to 'vines' (a'nabin), meaning 'gardens of vines, of vegetation, and of date-palms'.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Shu'bah, Warsh

Ibrahim 14:2

ٱللَّهِ ٱلَّذِي لَهُۥ مَا فِي ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَمَا فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِۗ وَوَيۡلٞ لِّلۡكَٰفِرِينَ مِنۡ عَذَابٖ شَدِيدٍ

God who – to Him (belongs) whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. Woe to the disbelievers because of a harsh punishment!

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

ٱللَّهِ

God

Variant Reading

اِ۬للَّهُ

(He is) Allah

Hafs reads the word with a kasrah (genitive case) as an apposition continuing from the previous verse. The variant reads it with a dammah (nominative case), making it an independent sentence.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Warsh

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

ٱللَّهِ

God

Variant Reading

ٱللَّهُ

(He is) Allah

Hafs reads 'Allah' in the genitive case (majrur) as an apposition continuing from the attributes in the previous verse. The variant reads it in the nominative case (marfu') to begin a completely new sentence, implying '(He is) Allah'.

Read by:

Ruways

An-Nahl 16:12

وَسَخَّرَ لَكُمُ ٱلَّيۡلَ وَٱلنَّهَارَ وَٱلشَّمۡسَ وَٱلۡقَمَرَۖ وَٱلنُّجُومُ مُسَخَّرَٰتُۢ بِأَمۡرِهِۦٓۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَأٓيَٰتٖ لِّقَوۡمٖ يَعۡقِلُونَ

He subjected the night and the day for you, and the sun and the moon, and the stars (are) subjected by His command. Surely in that are signs indeed for a people who understand.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَٱلشَّمۡسَ وَٱلۡقَمَرَ

and the sun and the moon,

Variant Reading

وَٱلشَّمۡسُ وَٱلۡقَمَرُ

And the sun and the moon

The words for 'the sun' and 'the moon' change from accusative objects (fatha) of the previous verb to nominative subjects (damma) of a new nominal sentence, grouping them with 'the stars'.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَٱلنُّجُومُ مُسَخَّرَٰتُۢ

and the stars (are) subjected

Variant Reading

وَالنُّجُومَ مُسَخَّرَٰتِۢ

and the stars—(all) subjected

In Hafs, 'the stars' is in the nominative case as the subject of a new clause. In the variant, 'the stars' is in the accusative case, continuing the list of objects subjected by Him, with 'subjected' functioning as a circumstantial modifier (hal) in the accusative case.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

An-Nahl 16:40

إِنَّمَا قَوۡلُنَا لِشَيۡءٍ إِذَآ أَرَدۡنَٰهُ أَن نَّقُولَ لَهُۥ كُن فَيَكُونُ

Our only word to a thing, when We intend it, is that We say to it, ‘Be!’ and it is.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

فَيَكُونُ

and it is

Variant Reading

فَيَكُونَ

so it is

The vowel on the letter nun changes from a damma (nominative) to a fatha (accusative/subjunctive). In Hafs, it is read as an independent indicative clause ('and it is'). In the variant, it is read in the subjunctive case coupled with the preceding particle of intent ('so that it is' or 'so it is').

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan

Al-Kahf 18:71

فَٱنطَلَقَا حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا رَكِبَا فِي ٱلسَّفِينَةِ خَرَقَهَاۖ قَالَ أَخَرَقۡتَهَا لِتُغۡرِقَ أَهۡلَهَا لَقَدۡ جِئۡتَ شَيۡـًٔا إِمۡرٗا

So they both set out (and continued on) until, when they sailed in the ship, he made a hole in it. He said, ‘Have you made a hole in it in order to drown its passengers? You have indeed done a dreadful thing!’

Diacritical Difference (dots) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

لِتُغۡرِقَ أَهۡلَهَا

to drown its passengers

Variant Reading

لِيَغۡرَقَ أَهۡلُهَا

its people would drown

The verb changes from 2nd-person transitive (you drown) to 3rd-person intransitive (they drown) by altering the prefix dots (ta to ya) and vowels. This shifts 'its people' from being the object (ahlaha) to the subject (ahluha) of the verb, changing its grammatical case.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad

Al-Kahf 18:88

وَأَمَّا مَنۡ ءَامَنَ وَعَمِلَ صَٰلِحٗا فَلَهُۥ جَزَآءً ٱلۡحُسۡنَىٰۖ وَسَنَقُولُ لَهُۥ مِنۡ أَمۡرِنَا يُسۡرٗا

But as for the one who believes, and does righteousness, for him (there is) the good payment, and we shall speak to him something easy from our command.”

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

جَزَآءً

payment

Variant Reading

جَزَآءُ

repayment for

Hafs reads 'jazā'an' in the accusative case (mansub) with tanween, acting as tamyeez or hal. The variant reads 'jazā'u' in the nominative case (marfu') with a single damma, forming a genitive construction (idafah) with the following word 'al-ḥusnā'.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Maryam 19:34

ذَٰلِكَ عِيسَى ٱبۡنُ مَرۡيَمَۖ قَوۡلَ ٱلۡحَقِّ ٱلَّذِي فِيهِ يَمۡتَرُونَ

That was Jesus, son of Mary – a statement of the truth about which they are in doubt.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

قَوۡلَ

a statement

Variant Reading

قَوْلُ

(that is) the word

The word changes from the accusative case (qawla) to the nominative case (qawlu), shifting its grammatical role from an absolute object (maf'ul mutlaq) to the predicate (khabar) of an implied subject.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Qunbul, Susi, Warsh

Taha 20:39

أَنِ ٱقۡذِفِيهِ فِي ٱلتَّابُوتِ فَٱقۡذِفِيهِ فِي ٱلۡيَمِّ فَلۡيُلۡقِهِ ٱلۡيَمُّ بِٱلسَّاحِلِ يَأۡخُذۡهُ عَدُوّٞ لِّي وَعَدُوّٞ لَّهُۥۚ وَأَلۡقَيۡتُ عَلَيۡكَ مَحَبَّةٗ مِّنِّي وَلِتُصۡنَعَ عَلَىٰ عَيۡنِيٓ

“Cast him into the ark, and cast it into the sea, and let the sea throw it up on the shore, and an enemy to Me and an enemy to him will take him.” But I cast love on you from Me, and (I did this) so that you might be brought up under My eye.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَلِتُصۡنَعَ

so that you might be brought up

Variant Reading

وَلْتُصْنَعْ

may you be modeled

The voweling changes the prefix from the Lam of reason (making the verb subjunctive/mansub) to the Lam of command (making the verb jussive/majzum), shifting the meaning from a purpose clause to a direct command or wish.

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

Taha 20:58

فَلَنَأۡتِيَنَّكَ بِسِحۡرٖ مِّثۡلِهِۦ فَٱجۡعَلۡ بَيۡنَنَا وَبَيۡنَكَ مَوۡعِدٗا لَّا نُخۡلِفُهُۥ نَحۡنُ وَلَآ أَنتَ مَكَانٗا سُوٗى

We shall indeed bring you magic like it. So set an appointment between us and you – We shall not break it, nor will you – at a fair place.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

لَّا نُخۡلِفُهُۥ

We shall not break it

Variant Reading

لَّا نُخْلِفَهُ

we should not fail

The variant changes the verb's mood from indicative (marfu' with a damma) to subjunctive (mansub with a fatha), which shifts the English translation from 'shall not break' to 'should not fail'.

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

Taha 20:77

وَلَقَدۡ أَوۡحَيۡنَآ إِلَىٰ مُوسَىٰٓ أَنۡ أَسۡرِ بِعِبَادِي فَٱضۡرِبۡ لَهُمۡ طَرِيقٗا فِي ٱلۡبَحۡرِ يَبَسٗا لَّا تَخَٰفُ دَرَكٗا وَلَا تَخۡشَىٰ

Certainly We inspired Moses: ‘Journey with My servants, and strike for them a dry passage in the sea, without fear of being overtaken or being afraid.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

لَّا تَخَٰفُ

without fear

Variant Reading

لَّا تَخَفْ

Be not afraid

Hafs reads the verb in the indicative mood (marfu'), describing a state ('without fear' or 'you will not fear'), whereas the variant reads it in the jussive mood (majzum) as a negative command or prohibition ('do not fear' / 'be not afraid').

Taha 20:112

وَمَن يَعۡمَلۡ مِنَ ٱلصَّـٰلِحَٰتِ وَهُوَ مُؤۡمِنٞ فَلَا يَخَافُ ظُلۡمٗا وَلَا هَضۡمٗا

but whoever does any righteous deeds – and he is a believer – he will not fear (any) evil or dispossession.

Graphical/Basic Letter Difference Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

يَخَافُ

he will fear

Variant Reading

يَخَفۡ

he should fear

The verb changes from the indicative mood (marfu') to the jussive mood (majzum) functioning as a prohibition or conditional response, which causes the medial alif to be dropped.

Read by:

Bazzi, Qunbul

Al-Hajj 22:23

إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُدۡخِلُ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ ٱلصَّـٰلِحَٰتِ جَنَّـٰتٖ تَجۡرِي مِن تَحۡتِهَا ٱلۡأَنۡهَٰرُ يُحَلَّوۡنَ فِيهَا مِنۡ أَسَاوِرَ مِن ذَهَبٖ وَلُؤۡلُؤٗاۖ وَلِبَاسُهُمۡ فِيهَا حَرِيرٞ

Surely God will cause those who believe and do righteous deeds to enter Gardens through which rivers flow. There they will be adorned with bracelets of gold and (with) pearls, and there their clothes (will be of) silk.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَلُؤۡلُؤٗا

and (with) pearls

Variant Reading

وَلُؤۡلُوٕٖاْ

and (of) pearls

Hafs reads the word for pearls in the accusative case (fathatan), conjoining it to the object of adornment. The variant reads it in the genitive case (kasratan), conjoining it directly to the word 'gold' (dhahab), meaning the bracelets are made of both gold and pearls.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qunbul, Susi

Al-Hajj 22:25

إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ وَيَصُدُّونَ عَن سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ وَٱلۡمَسۡجِدِ ٱلۡحَرَامِ ٱلَّذِي جَعَلۡنَٰهُ لِلنَّاسِ سَوَآءً ٱلۡعَٰكِفُ فِيهِ وَٱلۡبَادِۚ وَمَن يُرِدۡ فِيهِ بِإِلۡحَادِۭ بِظُلۡمٖ نُّذِقۡهُ مِنۡ عَذَابٍ أَلِيمٖ

Surely those who disbelieve and keep (people) from the way of God and the Sacred Mosque, which We have made for the people equally – the resident there and the visitor – and whoever intends to pervert it in an evil manner – We shall make him taste a painful punishment.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

سَوَاءً

equally

Variant Reading

سَوَاءٌ

equally

The word changes from the accusative case (mansūb) in Hafs, acting as a second object or circumstantial modifier (hāl), to the nominative case (marfū') in the variant, acting as a predicate (khabar) for the following subject.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Al-Mu'minun 23:27

فَأَوۡحَيۡنَآ إِلَيۡهِ أَنِ ٱصۡنَعِ ٱلۡفُلۡكَ بِأَعۡيُنِنَا وَوَحۡيِنَا فَإِذَا جَآءَ أَمۡرُنَا وَفَارَ ٱلتَّنُّورُ فَٱسۡلُكۡ فِيهَا مِن كُلّٖ زَوۡجَيۡنِ ٱثۡنَيۡنِ وَأَهۡلَكَ إِلَّا مَن سَبَقَ عَلَيۡهِ ٱلۡقَوۡلُ مِنۡهُمۡۖ وَلَا تُخَٰطِبۡنِي فِي ٱلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوٓاْ إِنَّهُم مُّغۡرَقُونَ

So We inspired him: ‘Build the ship under Our eyes and Our inspiration, and when Our command comes and the oven boils, put into it two of every kind, a pair, and your family – except for him against whom the word has (already) gone forth. Do not address Me concerning those who have done evil. Surely they are going to be drowned!

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

كُلّٖ

every

Variant Reading

كُلِّ

each

Hafs reads 'kullin' with tanween, implying 'from every kind', making the following word ('zawjayn') the direct object. The variant reads 'kulli' with a single kasrah as a genitive construct (mudaf), changing the grammatical structure to mean 'from each pair', making the numeral ('ithnayn') the direct object.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Al-Mu'minun 23:89

سَيَقُولُونَ لِلَّهِۚ قُلۡ فَأَنَّىٰ تُسۡحَرُونَ

They will say, ‘To God.’ Say: ‘How are you (so) bewitched?’

Graphical/Basic Letter Difference Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

لِلَّهِ

To God

Variant Reading

اَ۬للَّهُ

Allah

Hafs reads with the preposition 'li' (to/for) making the name of God genitive ('To Allah' or 'Belonging to Allah'), whereas the variant reads it in the nominative case without the preposition ('Allah').

Read by:

Duri Abu 'Amr, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

Al-Mu'minun 23:92

عَٰلِمِ ٱلۡغَيۡبِ وَٱلشَّهَٰدَةِ فَتَعَٰلَىٰ عَمَّا يُشۡرِكُونَ

(He is the) Knower of the unseen and the seen. He is exalted above what they associate.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

عَٰلِمِ

Knower

Variant Reading

عَٰلِمُ

Knower

The final vowel on the word changes from a genitive kasrah in Hafs (acting as an adjective to a preceding word) to a nominative dammah in the variant (acting as the predicate for an implied pronoun 'He is').

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Qalun, Shu'bah, Warsh

Al-Mu'minun 23:111

إِنِّي جَزَيۡتُهُمُ ٱلۡيَوۡمَ بِمَا صَبَرُوٓاْ أَنَّهُمۡ هُمُ ٱلۡفَآئِزُونَ

Surely I have repaid them today for their patience. Surely they – they are the triumphant!’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

أَنَّهُمۡ

Surely they

Variant Reading

إِنَّهُمۡ

Indeed, it is they

The hamza is pronounced with a fatha (annahum) in Hafs, creating a dependent causal clause ('because they' or 'that they'). The variant reads it with a kasra (innahum), starting a new independent sentence ('Indeed, they').

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i

An-Nur 24:6

وَٱلَّذِينَ يَرۡمُونَ أَزۡوَٰجَهُمۡ وَلَمۡ يَكُن لَّهُمۡ شُهَدَآءُ إِلَّآ أَنفُسُهُمۡ فَشَهَٰدَةُ أَحَدِهِمۡ أَرۡبَعُ شَهَٰدَٰتِۭ بِٱللَّهِ إِنَّهُۥ لَمِنَ ٱلصَّـٰدِقِينَ

Those who hurl (accusations) against their wives, and have no witnesses except themselves, the testimony of such a person shall be to bear witness four times ‘by God,’ that he is indeed one of the truthful,

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

أَرۡبَعُ

four times

Variant Reading

أَرْبَعَ

four oaths

The case of 'four' changes from nominative (marfu') to accusative (mansub). In the nominative, it functions as the predicate of 'testimony' (the testimony is four). In the accusative, it serves as a cognate accusative (maf'ul mutlaq) for an implied verb (let him testify four testimonies).

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

An-Nur 24:7

وَٱلۡخَٰمِسَةُ أَنَّ لَعۡنَتَ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيۡهِ إِن كَانَ مِنَ ٱلۡكَٰذِبِينَ

and the fifth time, that the curse of God (be) upon him if he is one of the liars.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

أَنَّ لَعۡنَتَ

that the curse

Variant Reading

أَن لَّعْنَتُ

may curse

In Hafs, the heavy particle 'anna' makes the following word 'la'nata' accusative (mansub). In the variant, the particle is lightened to 'an' (mukhaffafah min al-thaqilah), making 'la'natu' nominative (marfu') as the subject of a nominal sentence.

Read by:

Qalun, Rawh, Ruways, Warsh

An-Nur 24:9

وَٱلۡخَٰمِسَةَ أَنَّ غَضَبَ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيۡهَآ إِن كَانَ مِنَ ٱلصَّـٰدِقِينَ

and the fifth time, that the anger of God (be) upon her if he is one of the truthful.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَٱلۡخَٰمِسَةَ

and the fifth time

Variant Reading

وَٱلۡخَٰمِسَةُ

And the fifth is

The word changes from accusative to nominative, altering the grammatical structure from an adverbial accusative ('and the fifth time') to the subject of a nominal sentence ('And the fifth is').

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Qunbul, Shu'bah, Susi

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

أَنَّ غَضَبَ ٱللَّهِ

that the anger of God

Variant Reading

أَنْ غَضِبَ اَ۬للَّهُ

that Allah’s wrath will have fallen

The Hafs reading uses the noun 'ghadaba' (anger) with the accusative particle 'anna' making 'Allah' take the genitive case. The variant reads 'ghadiba' as a past tense verb with the lightened particle 'an', making 'Allah' the subject in the nominative case.

Read by:

Qalun, Warsh

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَٱلۡخَٰمِسَةَ

and the fifth time

Variant Reading

وَٱلۡخَٰمِسَةُ

And the fifth is

The word is read with a fatha (accusative case) in Hafs, functioning as an absolute object ('and the fifth time'), whereas the variant reads it with a damma (nominative case), making it the subject of a nominal sentence ('And the fifth is').

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

An-Nur 24:40

أَوۡ كَظُلُمَٰتٖ فِي بَحۡرٖ لُّجِّيّٖ يَغۡشَىٰهُ مَوۡجٞ مِّن فَوۡقِهِۦ مَوۡجٞ مِّن فَوۡقِهِۦ سَحَابٞۚ ظُلُمَٰتُۢ بَعۡضُهَا فَوۡقَ بَعۡضٍ إِذَآ أَخۡرَجَ يَدَهُۥ لَمۡ يَكَدۡ يَرَىٰهَاۗ وَمَن لَّمۡ يَجۡعَلِ ٱللَّهُ لَهُۥ نُورٗا فَمَا لَهُۥ مِن نُّورٍ

Or (he is) like the darkness in a deep sea – a wave covers him, above which is (another) wave, above which is a cloud – darkness upon darkness. When he puts out his hand, he can hardly see it. The one to whom God does not give light has no light (at all).

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

سَحَابٞ ظُلُمَٰتُ

a cloud – darkness

Variant Reading

سَحَابُ ظُلُمَٰتِ

clouds of darkness(es)

Hafs reads both words in the nominative case ('sahaabun zhulumaatun') as separate entities. The variant reads them as an Idafah (possessive) construction ('sahaabu zhulumaatin'), removing the tanween from the first word and changing the second word to the genitive case.

Read by:

Bazzi

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

ظُلُمَٰتُۢ

darkness

Variant Reading

ظُلُمَٰتِۭ

darkness(es)

The word changes from nominative (marfu') as the predicate of an implied subject in Hafs, to genitive (majrur) in the variant, acting in apposition (badal) to the earlier word 'darkness(es)' (كَظُلُمَٰتٖ).

Read by:

Qunbul

Al-Furqan 25:10

تَبَارَكَ ٱلَّذِيٓ إِن شَآءَ جَعَلَ لَكَ خَيۡرٗا مِّن ذَٰلِكَ جَنَّـٰتٖ تَجۡرِي مِن تَحۡتِهَا ٱلۡأَنۡهَٰرُ وَيَجۡعَل لَّكَ قُصُورَۢا

Blessed is He who, if He pleases, will give you (what is) better than that – Gardens through which rivers flow – and He will give you palaces.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَيَجۡعَل

and He will give

Variant Reading

وَيَجۡعَلُ

And He would make

The verb changes from the jussive mood (sukoon) in Hafs, where it is coordinated with the conditional clause, to the indicative mood (dammah) in the variant, which treats it as the start of a new, independent clause.

Read by:

Bazzi, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Qunbul, Shu'bah

Ash-Shu'ara 26:13

وَيَضِيقُ صَدۡرِي وَلَا يَنطَلِقُ لِسَانِي فَأَرۡسِلۡ إِلَىٰ هَٰرُونَ

and my heart will be distressed, and my tongue will not work. So send for Aaron.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَيَضِيقُ ، يَنطَلِقُ

and my heart will be distressed / will not work

Variant Reading

وَيَضِيقَ ، يَنطَلِقَ

and that my chest will tighten / will not be fluent

Hafs reads the verbs in the indicative mood (marfu') with a damma, treating them as a new independent clause. The variant reads them in the subjunctive mood (mansub) with a fatha, coordinating them with the particle 'an' (that) from the previous verse.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Ash-Shu'ara 26:193

نَزَلَ بِهِ ٱلرُّوحُ ٱلۡأَمِينُ

The trustworthy spirit has brought it down

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

نَزَلَ بِهِ ٱلرُّوحُ ٱلۡأَمِينُ

The trustworthy spirit has brought it down

Variant Reading

نَزَّلَ بِهِ ٱلرُّوحَ ٱلۡأَمِينَ

He bestowed the Trustworthy Spirit with it

The verb 'nazala' (Form I, descended) changes to 'nazzala' (Form II, sent down). Consequently, 'the Trustworthy Spirit' changes from the nominative subject (ar-rūḥu l-amīnu) to the accusative object (ar-rūḥa l-amīna), shifting the implied subject to Allah.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah

An-Naml 27:7

إِذۡ قَالَ مُوسَىٰ لِأَهۡلِهِۦٓ إِنِّيٓ ءَانَسۡتُ نَارٗا سَـَٔاتِيكُم مِّنۡهَا بِخَبَرٍ أَوۡ ءَاتِيكُم بِشِهَابٖ قَبَسٖ لَّعَلَّكُمۡ تَصۡطَلُونَ

(Remember) when Moses said to his family: ‘Surely I perceive a fire. I shall bring you some news of it, or I shall bring you a flame – a torch – so that you may warm yourselves.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

بِشِهَابٖ قَبَسٖ

a flame – a torch

Variant Reading

بِشِهَابِ قَبَسٖ

a firebrand of a borrowed flame

Hafs reads 'bi-shihābin' with tanween, making the two words an apposition or noun-adjective pair. The variant drops the tanween to read 'bi-shihābi', forming an Idafah (genitive/possessive construct) meaning 'a firebrand of a flame'.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Susi, Warsh

An-Naml 27:89

مَن جَآءَ بِٱلۡحَسَنَةِ فَلَهُۥ خَيۡرٞ مِّنۡهَا وَهُم مِّن فَزَعٖ يَوۡمَئِذٍ ءَامِنُونَ

(On that Day) whoever brings a good (deed) will have a better one than it, and they will be secure from the terror of that Day.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

فَزَعٖ

terror

Variant Reading

فَزَعِ

horror

In Hafs, 'fazaʿin' is read with tanween (kasratan) as an indefinite noun, with 'yawmaʾidhin' acting as an adverb (terror, on that day). In the variant, it is read as 'fazaʿi' with a single kasrah, forming an Iḍāfah (genitive/possessive construction) with the following word (the terror of that day).

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi, Warsh

Al-'Ankabut 29:31

وَلَمَّا جَآءَتۡ رُسُلُنَآ إِبۡرَٰهِيمَ بِٱلۡبُشۡرَىٰ قَالُوٓاْ إِنَّا مُهۡلِكُوٓاْ أَهۡلِ هَٰذِهِ ٱلۡقَرۡيَةِۖ إِنَّ أَهۡلَهَا كَانُواْ ظَٰلِمِينَ

When Our messengers brought Abraham the good news, they said, ‘Surely we are going to destroy the people of this town, (for) its people are evildoers.’

Graphical/Basic Letter Difference Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

مُهۡلِكُوٓاْ أَهۡلِ

destroy the people

Variant Reading

مُهْلِكُونَ أَهْلَ

destroy the people

Hafs uses the construct state (iḍāfah) without the letter Nūn ('muhlikū'), placing 'ahli' in the genitive case. The variant adds the Nūn to the active participle ('muhlikūna'), placing 'ahla' in the accusative case as its direct object.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan

Ar-Rum 30:52

فَإِنَّكَ لَا تُسۡمِعُ ٱلۡمَوۡتَىٰ وَلَا تُسۡمِعُ ٱلصُّمَّ ٱلدُّعَآءَ إِذَا وَلَّوۡاْ مُدۡبِرِينَ

You cannot make the dead to hear, nor can you make the deaf to hear the call when they turn away, withdrawing.

Diacritical Difference (dots) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

تُسۡمِعُ ٱلصُّمَّ

you make the deaf to hear

Variant Reading

يَسۡمَعُ ٱلصُّمُّ

the deaf hear

The verb changes from second person causative (you make hear) to third person (the deaf hear) by changing 'ta' to 'ya', which correspondingly changes the noun 'the deaf' from the accusative object to the nominative subject.

Read by:

Bazzi, Qunbul

Luqman 31:6

وَمِنَ ٱلنَّاسِ مَن يَشۡتَرِي لَهۡوَ ٱلۡحَدِيثِ لِيُضِلَّ عَن سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ بِغَيۡرِ عِلۡمٖ وَيَتَّخِذَهَا هُزُوًاۚ أُوْلَـٰٓئِكَ لَهُمۡ عَذَابٞ مُّهِينٞ

But among the people (there is) one who buys a diverting tale to lead (others) astray from the way of God without any knowledge, and to take it in mockery. Those – for them (there is) a humiliating punishment.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَيَتَّخِذَهَا

and to take it

Variant Reading

وَيَتَّخِذُهَا

and he takes it

Hafs reads the verb with a fatha (subjunctive/mansub), coordinating it with 'to lead astray' (li-yudilla). The variant reads it with a damma (indicative/marfu'), coordinating it with the earlier verb 'who buys' (yashtarī).

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Luqman 31:16

يَٰبُنَيَّ إِنَّهَآ إِن تَكُ مِثۡقَالَ حَبَّةٖ مِّنۡ خَرۡدَلٖ فَتَكُن فِي صَخۡرَةٍ أَوۡ فِي ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ أَوۡ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ يَأۡتِ بِهَا ٱللَّهُۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَطِيفٌ خَبِيرٞ

‘My son! Surely it – if it should be (only) the weight of a mustard seed, and it should be in a rock, or in the heavens, or on the earth, God will bring it forth. Surely God is astute, aware.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

مِثۡقَالَ

the weight

Variant Reading

مِثْقَالُ

the weight

In Hafs, 'mithqāla' is read in the accusative case (mansub) as the predicate (khabar) of the verb 'taku' (meaning 'if it [the deed] be the weight'). In the variant, 'mithqālu' is read in the nominative case (marfu') as the subject (ism) of 'taku' (meaning 'if the weight be').

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Warsh

Luqman 31:27

وَلَوۡ أَنَّمَا فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ مِن شَجَرَةٍ أَقۡلَٰمٞ وَٱلۡبَحۡرُ يَمُدُّهُۥ مِنۢ بَعۡدِهِۦ سَبۡعَةُ أَبۡحُرٖ مَّا نَفِدَتۡ كَلِمَٰتُ ٱللَّهِۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٞ

Even if all the trees on the earth were pens, and the sea (were ink) – (and) extending it (were) seven seas after it – the words of God would (still) not give out. God is mighty, wise.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَٱلۡبَحۡرُ

and the sea

Variant Reading

وَاَلۡبَحۡرَ

and were the sea

The noun changes from nominative (as the subject of a new clause) to accusative (coordinated with the preceding accusative subject).

Read by:

Duri Abu 'Amr, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

Saba 34:3

وَقَالَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ لَا تَأۡتِينَا ٱلسَّاعَةُۖ قُلۡ بَلَىٰ وَرَبِّي لَتَأۡتِيَنَّكُمۡ عَٰلِمِ ٱلۡغَيۡبِۖ لَا يَعۡزُبُ عَنۡهُ مِثۡقَالُ ذَرَّةٖ فِي ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَلَا فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَلَآ أَصۡغَرُ مِن ذَٰلِكَ وَلَآ أَكۡبَرُ إِلَّا فِي كِتَٰبٖ مُّبِينٖ

Those who disbelieve say, ‘The Hour will not come upon us.’ Say: ‘Yes indeed! By my Lord! It will indeed come to you! (He is the) Knower of the unseen. Not (even) the weight of a speck in the heavens and the earth escapes from Him, nor (is there anything) smaller than that or greater, except (that it is recorded) in a clear Book

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

عَٰلِمِ

Knower

Variant Reading

عَٰلِمُ

(He is) the Knower

The word changes from a genitive adjective modifying 'my Lord' to a nominative predicate implying 'He is the Knower'.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Ruways, Warsh

Saba 34:5

وَٱلَّذِينَ سَعَوۡ فِيٓ ءَايَٰتِنَا مُعَٰجِزِينَ أُوْلَـٰٓئِكَ لَهُمۡ عَذَابٞ مِّن رِّجۡزٍ أَلِيمٞ

But those who strive against Our signs to obstruct (them), those – for them (there is) a punishment of painful wrath.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

أَلِيمٞ

painful

Variant Reading

اَلِيمٖ

painful

In Hafs, 'alīmun (أَلِيمٞ) is in the nominative case (marfu'), acting as an adjective for the nominative noun 'adhābun (عَذَابٞ - punishment), meaning 'a painful punishment'. In the variant, 'alīmin (اَلِيمٖ) is in the genitive case (majrur), acting as an adjective for the genitive noun rijzin (رِّجْزٍ - wrath/torment), meaning 'punishment of a painful wrath'.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Saba 34:12

وَلِسُلَيۡمَٰنَ ٱلرِّيحَ غُدُوُّهَا شَهۡرٞ وَرَوَاحُهَا شَهۡرٞۖ وَأَسَلۡنَا لَهُۥ عَيۡنَ ٱلۡقِطۡرِۖ وَمِنَ ٱلۡجِنِّ مَن يَعۡمَلُ بَيۡنَ يَدَيۡهِ بِإِذۡنِ رَبِّهِۦۖ وَمَن يَزِغۡ مِنۡهُمۡ عَنۡ أَمۡرِنَا نُذِقۡهُ مِنۡ عَذَابِ ٱلسَّعِيرِ

And to Solomon (We subjected) the wind, its morning was a month’s (journey), and its evening was a month’s (journey), and We made a spring of molten brass to flow for him. And among the jinn, (there were) those who worked for him by the permission of his Lord. Whoever of them turns aside from Our command – We shall make him taste the punishment of the blazing (Fire).

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

ٱلرِّيحَ

the wind

Variant Reading

ٱلرِّيحُ

the wind

The final vowel changes from fatha (accusative) to damma (nominative), shifting its grammatical role from the object of an implied active verb '(We subjected)' to the subject of an implied passive verb or nominal sentence '(was subjected)'.

Read by:

Shu'bah

Saba 34:37

وَمَآ أَمۡوَٰلُكُمۡ وَلَآ أَوۡلَٰدُكُم بِٱلَّتِي تُقَرِّبُكُمۡ عِندَنَا زُلۡفَىٰٓ إِلَّا مَنۡ ءَامَنَ وَعَمِلَ صَٰلِحٗا فَأُوْلَـٰٓئِكَ لَهُمۡ جَزَآءُ ٱلضِّعۡفِ بِمَا عَمِلُواْ وَهُمۡ فِي ٱلۡغُرُفَٰتِ ءَامِنُونَ

Neither your wealth nor your children are the things which bring you near to Us in intimacy, except for whoever believes and does righteousness. And those – for them (there is) a double payment for what they have done, and they will be secure in exalted rooms.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

جَزَآءُ ٱلضِّعۡفِ

a double payment

Variant Reading

جَزَآءً ٱلضِّعۡفُ

double as a repayment

Hafs reads the phrase as a genitive construct (idafah) with 'jazaa'u' (nominative) and 'al-di'fi' (genitive). The variant reads 'jazaa'an' with tanween fatha (accusative, functioning as an adverbial or specification) and 'al-di'fu' with a damma (nominative, functioning as the subject).

Read by:

Ruways

Fatir 35:8

أَفَمَن زُيِّنَ لَهُۥ سُوٓءُ عَمَلِهِۦ فَرَءَاهُ حَسَنٗاۖ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُضِلُّ مَن يَشَآءُ وَيَهۡدِي مَن يَشَآءُۖ فَلَا تَذۡهَبۡ نَفۡسُكَ عَلَيۡهِمۡ حَسَرَٰتٍۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَلِيمُۢ بِمَا يَصۡنَعُونَ

Is the one whose evil deed is made to appear enticing to him, and he perceives it as good, (like the one who is rightly guided)? Surely God leads astray whomever He pleases and guides whomever He pleases. So do not exhaust yourself in regrets over them. Surely God is aware of what they do.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

تَذۡهَبۡ نَفۡسُكَ

exhaust yourself

Variant Reading

تُذۡهِبْ نَفْسَكَ

waste your self

Hafs reads the verb in Form I (tadhhab) with the subject 'nafsuka' in the nominative case ('let not your soul perish'). The Variant (Abu Ja'far) reads it in Form IV (tudhhib) with the object 'nafsaka' in the accusative case ('do not cause your soul to perish / waste your self').

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

Fatir 35:33

جَنَّـٰتُ عَدۡنٖ يَدۡخُلُونَهَا يُحَلَّوۡنَ فِيهَا مِنۡ أَسَاوِرَ مِن ذَهَبٖ وَلُؤۡلُؤٗاۖ وَلِبَاسُهُمۡ فِيهَا حَرِيرٞ

Gardens of Eden – they will enter them. There they will be adorned with bracelets of gold and (with) pearls, and there their clothes (will be of) silk.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَلُؤۡلُؤٗاۖ

(with) pearls

Variant Reading

وَلُؤۡلُوٕٖاْۖ

(of) pearls

The word for 'pearls' changes from accusative (lu'lu'an) to genitive (lu'lu'in). In Hafs, it is conjoined to the accusative position of 'bracelets', meaning 'adorned with pearls'. In the variant, it is conjoined to the genitive 'gold' (or the apparent genitive state of bracelets), meaning 'bracelets of pearls'.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways

Ya-Sin 36:5

تَنزِيلَ ٱلۡعَزِيزِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ

a sending down of the Mighty, the Compassionate,

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

تَنزِيلَ

a sending down

Variant Reading

تَنزِيلُ

(It is) a bestowal from on high

The final vowel on 'tanzil' changes from an accusative fatha (a) to a nominative damma (u). This shifts the grammatical structure so that instead of being an accusative of state or implied action, it becomes the predicate of an implied subject ('It is a bestowal...').

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Ya-Sin 36:29

إِن كَانَتۡ إِلَّا صَيۡحَةٗ وَٰحِدَةٗ فَإِذَا هُمۡ خَٰمِدُونَ

It was only a single cry, and suddenly they were snuffed out.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

صَيۡحَةٗ وَٰحِدَةٗ

It was only a single cry

Variant Reading

صَيۡحَةٌ وَٰحِدَةٌ

Nothing happened but a single shout

Hafs reads 'sayhatan wahidatan' in the accusative (mansub) as the predicate of the incomplete verb 'kanat' (meaning 'it was'). The variant reads 'sayhatun wahidatun' in the nominative (marfu'), making 'kanat' a complete verb (tamma) meaning 'happened' or 'occurred', with the cry functioning as its subject.

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

Ya-Sin 36:39

وَٱلۡقَمَرَ قَدَّرۡنَٰهُ مَنَازِلَ حَتَّىٰ عَادَ كَٱلۡعُرۡجُونِ ٱلۡقَدِيمِ

And the moon: We have determined it by stations, until it returns like an old palm branch.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَٱلۡقَمَرَ

And the moon

Variant Reading

وَالْقَمَرُ

And the moon

The word for 'the moon' changes from the accusative case (mansub) with a fatha in Hafs to the nominative case (marfu') with a damma in the variant, altering its grammatical role from the object of an implied verb to the subject (mubtada') of the sentence.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Susi, Warsh

Ya-Sin 36:53

إِن كَانَتۡ إِلَّا صَيۡحَةٗ وَٰحِدَةٗ فَإِذَا هُمۡ جَمِيعٞ لَّدَيۡنَا مُحۡضَرُونَ

It was only a single cry, and suddenly they are all brought forward before Us.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

صَيۡحَةٗ وَٰحِدَةٗ

a single cry

Variant Reading

صَيۡحَةٞ وَٰحِدَةٞ

a single shout

The variant reads 'sayhatun wahidatun' in the nominative case instead of the accusative 'sayhatan wahidatan'. This shifts the grammatical function of the verb 'kanat' from being incomplete to a complete verb (meaning 'there occurred'). The differences in English ('cry' vs 'shout' and 'brought forward' vs 'arraigned') are simply stylistic variations chosen by the translator for the exact same underlying Arabic words.

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

Ya-Sin 36:82

إِنَّمَآ أَمۡرُهُۥٓ إِذَآ أَرَادَ شَيۡـًٔا أَن يَقُولَ لَهُۥ كُن فَيَكُونُ

His only command, when He intends something, is to say to it, ‘Be!’ and it is.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

فَيَكُونُ

and it is

Variant Reading

فَيَكُونَ

so it is

The verb's final vowel changes from damma (nominative) to fatha (subjunctive/accusative), shifting the clause from an independent indicative statement ('and it is') to a resultative clause answering the imperative ('so it is').

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan

As-Saffat 37:6

إِنَّا زَيَّنَّا ٱلسَّمَآءَ ٱلدُّنۡيَا بِزِينَةٍ ٱلۡكَوَاكِبِ

Surely We have made the sky of this world appear enticing by means of the splendor of the stars,

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

بِزِينَةٍ ٱلۡكَوَاكِبِ

splendor of the stars

Variant Reading

بِزِينَةِ ٱلۡكَوَاكِبِ

adorning the planets

Hafs reads 'zīnah' with tanween (nunation), making 'the stars' an apposition (badal). The variant reads it without tanween as a construct state (idafah), treating 'zīnah' as a verbal noun meaning 'adorning' with 'the planets' as its object.

Read by:

Shu'bah

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

بِزِينَةٍ

splendor

Variant Reading

بِزِينَةِ

adornment

Hafs reads 'bizīnatin' with tanween, treating the following noun as an apposition (badal). The variant reads 'bizīnati' with a single kasrah, forming a direct genitive construct (idafah) meaning 'adornment of'.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi, Warsh

As-Saffat 37:126

ٱللَّهَ رَبَّكُمۡ وَرَبَّ ءَابَآئِكُمُ ٱلۡأَوَّلِينَ

God – your Lord and the Lord of your fathers of old?’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

ٱللَّهَ رَبَّكُمۡ وَرَبَّ

God – your Lord and the Lord

Variant Reading

ٱللَّهُ رَبُّكُمۡ وَرَبُّ

Allah is your Lord and the Lord

Hafs reads the words in the accusative case (mansub) as an apposition to the preceding verse, while the variant reads them in the nominative case (marfu') forming a new independent declarative sentence.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hafs, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Rawh, Ruways

Sad 38:46

إِنَّآ أَخۡلَصۡنَٰهُم بِخَالِصَةٖ ذِكۡرَى ٱلدَّارِ

Surely We purified them with a pure (thought): remembrance of the Home.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

بِخَالِصَةٖ

a pure (thought)

Variant Reading

بِخَالِصَةِ

distinct quality of

Hafs reads with tanween (bikhāliṣatin), making it separate from the following word which acts as an apposition. The variant reads with a single kasrah (bikhāliṣati), creating a genitive construction (idafah) with the following word.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Warsh

Sad 38:84

قَالَ فَٱلۡحَقُّ وَٱلۡحَقَّ أَقُولُ

He said, ‘(This is) the truth, and the truth I say:

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

فَٱلۡحَقُّ

(This is) the truth

Variant Reading

فَٱلۡحَقَّ

the truth

Hafs reads 'fal-ḥaqqu' with a damma (nominative case), making it the subject of an implied statement 'This is the truth'. The variant reads 'fal-ḥaqqa' with a fatha (accusative case), indicating an oath 'By the truth' or acting as the object of an implied verb.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

Sad 38:85

لَأَمۡلَأَنَّ جَهَنَّمَ مِنكَ وَمِمَّن تَبِعَكَ مِنۡهُمۡ أَجۡمَعِينَ

I shall indeed fill Gehenna with you and those of them who follow you – all (of you)!’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

فَالْحَقُّ

The truth

Variant Reading

فَالْحَقَّ

So (by) the truth

Hafs recites 'al-haqq' in the nominative case (marfu'), while the variant recites it in the accusative case (mansub) as an oath. (Note: Due to differing verse boundaries across recitations, this phrase appears in verse 84 in Hafs, but is combined with verse 85 in the variant).

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi, Warsh

Ghafir 40:35

ٱلَّذِينَ يُجَٰدِلُونَ فِيٓ ءَايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ بِغَيۡرِ سُلۡطَٰنٍ أَتَىٰهُمۡۖ كَبُرَ مَقۡتًا عِندَ ٱللَّهِ وَعِندَ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْۚ كَذَٰلِكَ يَطۡبَعُ ٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ قَلۡبِ مُتَكَبِّرٖ جَبَّارٖ

Those who dispute about the signs of God, without any authority having come to them – (that) is a very hateful thing in the sight of God and those who believe. In this way God sets a seal on the heart of every arrogant tyrant.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

قَلۡبِ

heart of

Variant Reading

قَلۡبٖ

heart

In Hafs, 'qalb' (heart) is in the construct state (mudhaf) without tanween, meaning 'the heart of every arrogant tyrant'. In the variant, 'qalbin' takes tanween, changing the grammatical structure so that 'arrogant' and 'tyrant' become direct adjectives describing the 'heart' itself.

Read by:

Duri Abu 'Amr, Ibn Dhakwan, Susi

Ghafir 40:37

أَسۡبَٰبَ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ فَأَطَّلِعَ إِلَىٰٓ إِلَٰهِ مُوسَىٰ وَإِنِّي لَأَظُنُّهُۥ كَٰذِبٗاۚ وَكَذَٰلِكَ زُيِّنَ لِفِرۡعَوۡنَ سُوٓءُ عَمَلِهِۦ وَصُدَّ عَنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِۚ وَمَا كَيۡدُ فِرۡعَوۡنَ إِلَّا فِي تَبَابٖ

the ropes of the heavens, and look upon the god of Moses. Surely I think he is a liar indeed.’ In this way the evil of his deed was made to appear enticing to Pharaoh, and he was kept from the way. But the plot of Pharaoh only (came) to ruin.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

فَأَطَّلِعَ

and look

Variant Reading

فَأَطَّلِعُ

and view

In Hafs, the verb is read in the subjunctive mood with a fatha (mansub) as a response to the implied request, indicating purpose ('so that I may look'). In the variant, it is read in the indicative mood with a damma (marfu'), coordinating it with the previous indicative verb ('and I view').

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Ghafir 40:68

هُوَ ٱلَّذِي يُحۡيِۦ وَيُمِيتُۖ فَإِذَا قَضَىٰٓ أَمۡرٗا فَإِنَّمَا يَقُولُ لَهُۥ كُن فَيَكُونُ

He (it is) who gives life and causes death, and when He decrees something, He simply says to it, ‘Be!’ and it is.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

فَيَكُونُ

and it is

Variant Reading

فَيَكُونَ

so it is

The final vowel changes from a damma (nominative/indicative) to a fatha (accusative/subjunctive). Hafs reads it as a new, independent clause ('and it is'), while the variant treats it as the direct result of the preceding command ('so it is').

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan

Fussilat 41:10

وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا رَوَٰسِيَ مِن فَوۡقِهَا وَبَٰرَكَ فِيهَا وَقَدَّرَ فِيهَآ أَقۡوَٰتَهَا فِيٓ أَرۡبَعَةِ أَيَّامٖ سَوَآءٗ لِّلسَّآئِلِينَ

He placed on it firm mountains (towering) above it, and blessed it, and decreed for it its (various) foods in four days, equal to the ones who ask.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

سَوَآءٗ

equal

Variant Reading

سَوَآءٞ

(they are) equal

The word changes from the accusative (nasb) to the nominative (raf') case, shifting the grammatical structure to form an independent nominal clause with an implied subject (i.e., 'they are equal').

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

سَوَآءٗ

equal

Variant Reading

سَوَآءٖ

equal

The variant reads the word with a kasra tanween (sawā'in) in the genitive case, making it an adjective modifying the preceding word 'days' (ayyāmin). Hafs reads it with a fatha tanween (sawā'an) in the accusative case as a circumstantial modifier or absolute object.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Ash-Shuraa 42:34

أَوۡ يُوبِقۡهُنَّ بِمَا كَسَبُواْ وَيَعۡفُ عَن كَثِيرٖ

Or He wrecks them for what they have earned – yet He pardons much –

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَيَعۡلَمَ

so that ... may know

Variant Reading

وَيَعۡلَمُ

Thus ... know

The verb changes from the subjunctive mood (mansub) with a fatha in Hafs to the indicative mood (marfu') with a damma in the variant. This shifts the meaning from a subordinate clause of purpose/result ('so that they may know') to an independent declarative statement ('thus they know' or 'and they know').

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Warsh

Ash-Shuraa 42:51

۞وَمَا كَانَ لِبَشَرٍ أَن يُكَلِّمَهُ ٱللَّهُ إِلَّا وَحۡيًا أَوۡ مِن وَرَآيِٕ حِجَابٍ أَوۡ يُرۡسِلَ رَسُولٗا فَيُوحِيَ بِإِذۡنِهِۦ مَا يَشَآءُۚ إِنَّهُۥ عَلِيٌّ حَكِيمٞ

It is not (fitting) for any human being that God should speak to him, except (by) inspiration, or from behind a veil, or (that) He should send a messenger and he inspire by His permission whatever He pleases. Surely He is most high, wise.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

يُرۡسِلَ رَسُولٗا فَيُوحِيَ

He should send a messenger and he inspire

Variant Reading

يُرْسِلُ رَسُولاٗ فَيُوحِے

He sends a messenger then reveals

The verbs shift from subjunctive (mansub) with a fatha to indicative (marfu') with a damma, changing the syntax from a dependent coordinated clause to an independent declarative statement.

Read by:

Qalun, Warsh

Ad-Dukhan 44:7

رَبِّ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَمَا بَيۡنَهُمَآۖ إِن كُنتُم مُّوقِنِينَ

Lord of the heavens and the earth, and whatever is between them, if you (would) be certain.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

رَبِّ

Lord

Variant Reading

رَبُّ

(He is the) Lord

The vowel on 'Lord' changes from a kasrah (genitive case) in Hafs to a dammah (nominative case) in the variant. This changes the grammatical structure from being an apposition to a preceding word, to being the predicate of an implied subject 'He is'.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi, Warsh

Al-Jathiyah 45:11

هَٰذَا هُدٗىۖ وَٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ بِـَٔايَٰتِ رَبِّهِمۡ لَهُمۡ عَذَابٞ مِّن رِّجۡزٍ أَلِيمٌ

This is guidance, but those who disbelieve in the signs of their Lord – for them (there is) a punishment of painful wrath.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

أَلِيمٌ

painful

Variant Reading

اَلِيمٍ

painful

In Hafs, the word is read in the nominative case ('alīmun) as an adjective modifying 'punishment' ('adhāb). In the variant, it is read in the genitive case ('alīmin) modifying 'wrath/torment' (rijz).

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Al-Jathiyah 45:21

أَمۡ حَسِبَ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱجۡتَرَحُواْ ٱلسَّيِّـَٔاتِ أَن نَّجۡعَلَهُمۡ كَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ ٱلصَّـٰلِحَٰتِ سَوَآءٗ مَّحۡيَاهُمۡ وَمَمَاتُهُمۡۚ سَآءَ مَا يَحۡكُمُونَ

Or do those who commit evil deeds think that We shall treat them as those who believe and do righteous deeds – alike in their life and their death? Evil is what they judge!

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

سَوَآءٗ

alike

Variant Reading

سَوَآءٞ

Equal

The word changes from the accusative case (sawā'an), acting as a circumstantial qualifier, to the nominative case (sawā'un), forming an independent nominal clause.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Al-Jathiyah 45:32

وَإِذَا قِيلَ إِنَّ وَعۡدَ ٱللَّهِ حَقّٞ وَٱلسَّاعَةُ لَا رَيۡبَ فِيهَا قُلۡتُم مَّا نَدۡرِي مَا ٱلسَّاعَةُ إِن نَّظُنُّ إِلَّا ظَنّٗا وَمَا نَحۡنُ بِمُسۡتَيۡقِنِينَ

And when it was said, “Surely the promise of God is true, and the Hour – (there is) no doubt about it,” you said, “We do not know what the Hour is. We think (it is) only conjecture, and we are not certain.”’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَٱلسَّاعَةُ

and the Hour

Variant Reading

وَٱلسَّاعَةَ

and of the Hour

The word is read with a Dammah (nominative) in Hafs, starting a new clause, whereas the variant reads it with a Fathah (accusative), coupling it grammatically with the preceding accusative noun 'promise' (wa'da).

Read by:

Khalaf, Khallad

Muhammad 47:31

وَلَنَبۡلُوَنَّكُمۡ حَتَّىٰ نَعۡلَمَ ٱلۡمُجَٰهِدِينَ مِنكُمۡ وَٱلصَّـٰبِرِينَ وَنَبۡلُوَاْ أَخۡبَارَكُمۡ

and We shall indeed test you, until We know those of you who struggle and those who are patient, and We shall test the reports about you.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَنَبۡلُوَاْ

and We shall test

Variant Reading

وَنَبْلُوا

And We will test

The verb changes from the subjunctive mood (mansub with a fatha) to the indicative mood (marfu' with a sukun on the waw). This turns the phrase from a continuation into a new, independent sentence, as reflected by the period in the variant English.

Read by:

Ruways

Adh-Dhariyat 51:46

وَقَوۡمَ نُوحٖ مِّن قَبۡلُۖ إِنَّهُمۡ كَانُواْ قَوۡمٗا فَٰسِقِينَ

And the people of Noah before (them) – surely they were a wicked people.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَقَوۡمَ

And the people

Variant Reading

وَقَوۡمِ

(in) the people

The word 'qawm' changes from the accusative case (wa-qawma) to the genitive case (wa-qawmi). Hafs reads it as the object of an implied verb (e.g., 'We destroyed'), while the variant conjoins it to the preposition 'fī' (in) from the preceding verses.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Susi

Al-Qamar 54:3

وَكَذَّبُواْ وَٱتَّبَعُوٓاْ أَهۡوَآءَهُمۡۚ وَكُلُّ أَمۡرٖ مُّسۡتَقِرّٞ

They call (it) a lie, and follow their (own vain) desires, yet everything is set.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

مُّسۡتَقِرّٞ

is set

Variant Reading

مُّسۡتَقِرّٖ

settled

The word changes from nominative (mustaqirrun, acting as the predicate 'is set') to genitive (mustaqirrin, acting as an adjective 'settled' modifying 'matter').

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

Ar-Rahman 55:12

وَٱلۡحَبُّ ذُو ٱلۡعَصۡفِ وَٱلرَّيۡحَانُ

and grain with its husk, and fragrant herbs.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَٱلۡحَبُّ ذُو ... وَٱلرَّيۡحَانُ

and grain with ... and fragrant herbs

Variant Reading

وَٱلۡحَبَّ ذَا ... وَٱلرَّيۡحَانَ

And (He created) grains in ... and (he created) fragrant plants

The variant reads the nouns in the accusative case (nasb) indicating they are the direct objects of an implied verb 'He created', changing from the nominative case (raf') in Hafs.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَٱلرَّيۡحَانُ

and fragrant herbs

Variant Reading

وَٱلرَّيۡحَانِ

and (grains of) fragrant plants

The case of the word changes from nominative (marfu') to genitive (majrur). In Hafs, it coordinates with 'the grain', whereas in the variant, it coordinates with 'the husk/blades', altering the meaning to indicate grains belonging to fragrant plants.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad

Ar-Rahman 55:78

تَبَٰرَكَ ٱسۡمُ رَبِّكَ ذِي ٱلۡجَلَٰلِ وَٱلۡإِكۡرَامِ

Blessed (be) the name of your Lord, full of splendor and honor.

Graphical/Basic Letter Difference Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

ذِي

full of

Variant Reading

ذُو

which possesses

The word changes from the genitive 'dhi' (describing the Lord) to the nominative 'dhu' (describing the Name).

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan

Al-Waqi'ah 56:22

وَحُورٌ عِينٞ

and (maidens) with dark, wide eyes

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَحُورٌ عِينٞ

and (maidens) with dark, wide eyes

Variant Reading

وَحُورٍ عِينٍ

and (leaning on) spouses with lovely wide eyes

The variant reads the words in the genitive case (with kasratayn) instead of the nominative case (with dammatayn) in Hafs. This shifts the grammatical conjunction, connecting the phrase to a preceding preposition in the verse (implying action like being accompanied by or leaning on them) rather than initiating a new subject clause.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Khalaf, Khallad

Al-Hadid 57:10

وَمَا لَكُمۡ أَلَّا تُنفِقُواْ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ وَلِلَّهِ مِيرَٰثُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِۚ لَا يَسۡتَوِي مِنكُم مَّنۡ أَنفَقَ مِن قَبۡلِ ٱلۡفَتۡحِ وَقَٰتَلَۚ أُوْلَـٰٓئِكَ أَعۡظَمُ دَرَجَةٗ مِّنَ ٱلَّذِينَ أَنفَقُواْ مِنۢ بَعۡدُ وَقَٰتَلُواْۚ وَكُلّٗا وَعَدَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلۡحُسۡنَىٰۚ وَٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ خَبِيرٞ

What is (the matter) with you that you do not contribute in the way of God, when the inheritance of the heavens and the earth (belongs) to God? The one among you who contributed and fought before the victory is not equal. They are higher in rank than those who contributed and fought after that. Yet to each God has promised the good (reward). God is aware of what you do.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَكُلّٗا

to each

Variant Reading

وَكُلٌّ

each

Change in grammatical case from the accusative 'kullan' (direct object) to the nominative 'kullun' (topic/subject), altering the sentence structure.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan

Al-Hashr 59:7

مَّآ أَفَآءَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِۦ مِنۡ أَهۡلِ ٱلۡقُرَىٰ فَلِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي ٱلۡقُرۡبَىٰ وَٱلۡيَتَٰمَىٰ وَٱلۡمَسَٰكِينِ وَٱبۡنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِ كَيۡ لَا يَكُونَ دُولَةَۢ بَيۡنَ ٱلۡأَغۡنِيَآءِ مِنكُمۡۚ وَمَآ ءَاتَىٰكُمُ ٱلرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَمَا نَهَىٰكُمۡ عَنۡهُ فَٱنتَهُواْۚ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَۖ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ شَدِيدُ ٱلۡعِقَابِ

What God has given to His messenger (as spoils) from the people of the towns (belongs) to God and to the messenger, and to family, and the orphans, and the poor, and the traveler, so that it does not (just) circulate among the wealthy of you. Whatever (spoils) the messenger gives you, take it, and whatever he forbids you, stop (asking for it). Guard (yourselves) against God! Surely God is harsh in retribution.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

يَكُونَ دُولَةً

it does not (just) circulate

Variant Reading

تَكُونَ دُولَةٌ

a closed circuit is not created

The Hafs reading uses the masculine verb 'yakūna' with 'dūlatan' in the accusative case (as the predicate). The variant reads 'takūna' (feminine, changing dots) and 'dūlatun' in the nominative case (changing vowels), shifting 'circuit' to be the subject of the verb.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

As-Saf 61:14

يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ كُونُوٓاْ أَنصَارَ ٱللَّهِ كَمَا قَالَ عِيسَى ٱبۡنُ مَرۡيَمَ لِلۡحَوَارِيِّـۧنَ مَنۡ أَنصَارِيٓ إِلَى ٱللَّهِۖ قَالَ ٱلۡحَوَارِيُّونَ نَحۡنُ أَنصَارُ ٱللَّهِۖ فَـَٔامَنَت طَّآئِفَةٞ مِّنۢ بَنِيٓ إِسۡرَـٰٓءِيلَ وَكَفَرَت طَّآئِفَةٞۖ فَأَيَّدۡنَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ عَلَىٰ عَدُوِّهِمۡ فَأَصۡبَحُواْ ظَٰهِرِينَ

You who believe! Be the helpers of God, as Jesus, son of Mary, said to the disciples, ‘Who will be my helpers to God?’ The disciples said, ‘We will be the helpers of God.’ One contingent of the Sons of Israel believed, and (another) contingent disbelieved. So We supported those who believed against their enemy, and they were the ones who prevailed.

Graphical/Basic Letter Difference Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

أَنصَارَ ٱللَّهِ

helpers of God

Variant Reading

أَنصَاراٗ لِّلهِ

supporters for Allah

The Hafs reading uses a genitive construct (idafah) without tanween, whereas the variant uses an accusative indefinite noun with tanween, followed by the preposition 'li' (for).

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Susi, Warsh

Al-Ma'arij 70:11

يُبَصَّرُونَهُمۡۚ يَوَدُّ ٱلۡمُجۡرِمُ لَوۡ يَفۡتَدِي مِنۡ عَذَابِ يَوۡمِئِذِۭ بِبَنِيهِ

(As) they come into sight of each other, the sinner will wish that he (could) ransom (himself) from the punishment of that Day with his sons,

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

يَوۡمِئِذِۭ

of that Day

Variant Reading

يَوْمَئِذِۢ

on that day

The vowel on the letter mim changes from a kasra (genitive) to a fatha (accusative). This shifts the grammatical function from an adjoined noun indicating 'punishment of that day' to an adverb of time indicating 'punishment on that day'.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Warsh

Al-Muzzammil 73:8

وَٱذۡكُرِ ٱسۡمَ رَبِّكَ وَتَبَتَّلۡ إِلَيۡهِ تَبۡتِيلٗا

but remember the name of your Lord and devote yourself to Him completely.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

رَبُّ

Lord

Variant Reading

رَبِّ

Lord

Hafs reads 'Rabbu' with a dammah (nominative case), treating it as the start of a new sentence ('[He is] the Lord...'). The variant reads 'Rabbi' with a kasrah (genitive case), continuing the grammatical chain from the previous verse as an apposition to 'your Lord' (rabbika).

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah

Al-Muzzammil 73:20

۞إِنَّ رَبَّكَ يَعۡلَمُ أَنَّكَ تَقُومُ أَدۡنَىٰ مِن ثُلُثَيِ ٱلَّيۡلِ وَنِصۡفَهُۥ وَثُلُثَهُۥ وَطَآئِفَةٞ مِّنَ ٱلَّذِينَ مَعَكَۚ وَٱللَّهُ يُقَدِّرُ ٱلَّيۡلَ وَٱلنَّهَارَۚ عَلِمَ أَن لَّن تُحۡصُوهُ فَتَابَ عَلَيۡكُمۡۖ فَٱقۡرَءُواْ مَا تَيَسَّرَ مِنَ ٱلۡقُرۡءَانِۚ عَلِمَ أَن سَيَكُونُ مِنكُم مَّرۡضَىٰ وَءَاخَرُونَ يَضۡرِبُونَ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ يَبۡتَغُونَ مِن فَضۡلِ ٱللَّهِ وَءَاخَرُونَ يُقَٰتِلُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِۖ فَٱقۡرَءُواْ مَا تَيَسَّرَ مِنۡهُۚ وَأَقِيمُواْ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَءَاتُواْ ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ وَأَقۡرِضُواْ ٱللَّهَ قَرۡضًا حَسَنٗاۚ وَمَا تُقَدِّمُواْ لِأَنفُسِكُم مِّنۡ خَيۡرٖ تَجِدُوهُ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ هُوَ خَيۡرٗا وَأَعۡظَمَ أَجۡرٗاۚ وَٱسۡتَغۡفِرُواْ ٱللَّهَۖ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٞ رَّحِيمُۢ

Surely your Lord knows that you stay up nearly two-thirds of the night – or a half of it or a third of it – and (so do) a contingent of those with you. God determines the night and the day. He knows that you do not count it up, and He has turned to you (in forgiveness). So recite what is easy (for you) of the Qur’ān. He knows that some of you are sick, and others are striking forth on the earth, seeking some of the favor of God, and (still) others are fighting in the way of God. So recite what is easy (for you) of it, and observe the prayer and give the alms, and lend to God a good loan. Whatever good you send forward for yourselves, you will find it with God – it will be better and greater as a reward. Ask forgiveness from God. Surely God is forgiving, compassionate.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَنِصۡفَهُۥ وَثُلُثَهُۥ

or a half of it or a third of it

Variant Reading

وَنِصْفِهِۦ وَثُلُثِهِۦ

and (sometimes nearly) half of it, and (sometimes nearly) one-third of it

The variant reads the words for 'half' and 'third' in the genitive case (conjoined to 'two-thirds' after the preposition 'min'), meaning they stood in prayer for less than half or a third. Hafs reads them in the accusative case (conjoined to 'nearly/less than'), meaning they stood for exactly half or a third.

Read by:

Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Rawh, Ruways, Susi, Warsh

Al-Insan 76:21

عَٰلِيَهُمۡ ثِيَابُ سُندُسٍ خُضۡرٞ وَإِسۡتَبۡرَقٞۖ وَحُلُّوٓاْ أَسَاوِرَ مِن فِضَّةٖ وَسَقَىٰهُمۡ رَبُّهُمۡ شَرَابٗا طَهُورًا

On them are green clothes of silk and brocade, and they are adorned with bracelets of silver, and their Lord gives them a pure drink to drink.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

خُضۡرٞ

green clothes

Variant Reading

خُضۡرٖ

green silk

The adjective for 'green' changes from the nominative case (khudrun) to the genitive case (khudrin). In Hafs, it modifies 'thiyab' (clothes), meaning 'green clothes'. In the variant, it modifies 'sundus' (silk), changing the meaning to 'green silk'.

Read by:

Bazzi, Qunbul, Shu'bah

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَإِسۡتَبۡرَقٞ

and brocade

Variant Reading

وَإِسۡتَبۡرَقٖ

and of brocade

The grammatical case changes from nominative (marfu'), where brocade coordinates with the garments, to genitive (majrur), where it coordinates with the material (silk).

Read by:

Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

خُضۡرٞ وَإِسۡتَبۡرَقٞ

green clothes of silk and brocade

Variant Reading

خُضۡرٍ وَإِسۡتَبۡرَقٍ

garments of green silk and of brocade

The grammatical case changes from nominative to genitive. In Hafs, 'green' modifies 'clothes' (nominative) and 'brocade' is conjoined to 'clothes'. In the variant, 'green' modifies 'silk' (genitive) and 'brocade' is conjoined to 'silk', shifting the descriptors to the material rather than the garments themselves.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad

An-Naba 78:37

رَّبِّ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَمَا بَيۡنَهُمَا ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِۖ لَا يَمۡلِكُونَ مِنۡهُ خِطَابٗا

Lord of the heavens and the earth, and whatever is between them, the Merciful, of whom they have no power to speak.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

رَّبِّ

Lord

Variant Reading

رَّبُّ

(He is) the Lord

The vowel changes from a genitive kasrah (رَّبِّ) in Hafs, which acts as an apposition continuing from the previous verse, to a nominative dammah (رَّبُّ) in the variant, creating a new independent clause implicitly meaning '(He is) the Lord'. The title 'the Merciful' (ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ / اَ۬لرَّحْمَٰنُ) similarly follows this case change.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Susi, Warsh

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ

the Merciful

Variant Reading

ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنُ

(He is) the All-Merciful

The vowel changes from a kasrah (genitive) to a dammah (nominative). This shifts the word from being an adjective modifying 'Lord' to being an independent predicate in a new clause meaning '(He is) the All-Merciful'.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad

'Abasa 80:4

أَوۡ يَذَّكَّرُ فَتَنفَعَهُ ٱلذِّكۡرَىٰٓ

or take heed, and the Reminder will benefit him.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

فَتَنفَعَهُ

will benefit him

Variant Reading

فَتَنفَعُهُ

would benefit him

Hafs reads with a fatha (accusative/subjunctive) on the 'ayn, indicating a result or consequence. The variant reads with a dhamma (nominative/indicative), making it a coordinated or independent statement.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi, Warsh

Al-Infitar 82:19

يَوۡمَ لَا تَمۡلِكُ نَفۡسٞ لِّنَفۡسٖ شَيۡـٔٗاۖ وَٱلۡأَمۡرُ يَوۡمَئِذٖ لِّلَّهِ

The Day when no one will have any power to (help) another. The command on that Day (will belong) to God.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

يَوۡمَ

The Day

Variant Reading

يَوۡمُ

(It is) a day

The word 'yawm' changes from the accusative case (yawma, acting as an adverb of time 'The day when') to the nominative case (yawmu, acting as a predicate for an implied subject 'It is a day when').

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

Al-Buruj 85:15

ذُو ٱلۡعَرۡشِ ٱلۡمَجِيدُ

Holder of the throne, the Glorious,

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

ٱلۡمَجِيدُ

the Glorious

Variant Reading

ٱلۡمَجِيدِ

glorious

Changing the grammatical case of 'al-Majeed' from nominative (damma) to genitive (kasra) shifts the adjective 'glorious' so that it modifies the 'Throne' (which is in the genitive case) rather than the 'Holder' of the throne.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad

Al-Buruj 85:22

فِي لَوۡحٖ مَّحۡفُوظِۭ

in a guarded Tablet.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

مَّحۡفُوظِۭ

guarded

Variant Reading

مَّحْفُوظٞ

preserved

In Hafs, the word is in the genitive case (kasratayn), acting as an adjective modifying the tablet ('a guarded tablet'). In the variant, it is in the nominative case (dammatayn), acting as a description referring back to the Quran itself ('[It is] preserved in a tablet').

Read by:

Qalun, Warsh

Al-Masad 111:4

وَٱمۡرَأَتُهُۥ حَمَّالَةَ ٱلۡحَطَبِ

and his wife (will be) the carrier of the firewood,

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

حَمَّالَةَ

(will be) the carrier

Variant Reading

حَمَّالَةُ

the carrier

Hafs reads 'ḥammālata' with a fatha (accusative case/mansūb) as an expression of blame or state, whereas the variant reads 'ḥammālatu' with a damma (nominative case/marfū') acting as an adjective or apposition to 'his wife'.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi, Warsh